To the question
Is there a single course or hole out there (or even shot for that matter) where the better player is at a disadvantage when compared to the worse player?
Matt Ward referenced the examples he gave earlier in the thread:
(1) The hole at Hammock Dunes (Creek) where those playing from the back tee box face a full 240 yard carry, while those playing forward tee boxes face no carry,
(2) The 12th at Stone Canyon, a long par 4 where the fairway runs out at ~270, so that better players really can't driver for fear of going through, while lesser players can swing freely without worrying about going through,
(3) Carnoustie as it was set up for the 1999 Biritish Open, with very narrow fairways and thick rough combined with the wind making it a crapshoot to hit the fairways and have a reasonable shot into the green, and
(4) Holes with fronting hazards requiring aerial approaches but whose green is too firm or non-receptive to hold the shot, so that approaches invariably bound over the green into random recovery options.
Reject (1) because of playing 2 sets of tees; playing from the same tee, the better player will have an advantage.
Reject (2) because the only adjustment that the better player would have to make is to club down off the tee, using a club that should be easier to place where he wants in the fairway than his driver. I played Stone Canyon 2 weeks ago, and on #12 every advantage is to the player who can hug the right side near the bunkers and desert to get the angle into the green. Probably easier to achieve this with a 3-wood than driver. Even if both players hit to the identical spot in the fairway, the better player will still have the advantage from there on in. (2) is probably more of an example of reducing the better player's advantage rather than eliminating or reversing it.
Consider (3) as an example of a hole or course where the lesser player
could have the advantage over the better player, because the element of luck that dictates what kind of approach (or lack thereof) the player will have into the green. Certainly it is not an example of the lesser player consistently having the advantage; at most, it becomes a toss-up. But remember, Van de Velde (almost) won that tournament because he was one of the few who consistently took driver off the tee, so that when when his tee shots failed to find the fairway, they left shorter recovery approaches. Combine this with (i) an unbelievable putting display and (ii) the "better" players erring in strategy and bitching about the "unfair" conditions, and you almost had a French champ (if not for the
unbelievably bad luck of his approach on #18 hitting the stands in the very spot that it did!).
Reject (4) because better players will still have a better chance of holding the green than lesser players, and even if their approaches do go over the green, their higher shots with more spin (assuming they are better players and can control their ball flight) will stand a better chance of staying close to the green than the lower approaches with less spin that stand a better chance of going farther over the green, into the backs rather than centers of the bunkers, etc. Futhermore, even if the shots wind up in the same place, the better player will still have the advantage from there on in.
So there seem to be situations where the advantage of the better player is reduced, and some individual shots where the advantage is almost eliminated, but seemingly none where the advantage is reversed to the lesser player's favor.
The one situation where I as a decent player feel that a lesser player can beat me on a hole is on a long par-4 or short par-5 with considerable trouble around the green for those reaching in 2, but with a relatively straight-forward route, avoiding the trouble, for those who can't reach. In that situation I usually don't feel like laying up with a short iron if I have a long iron or fairway wood into the green, but if I don't pull off the shot it's a quick 6, while the lesser player plays around the trouble in 3 shots and makes an easy 5. But obviously this example assumes that I don't execute the shot; if we both execute I retain my advantage.
In any event, I don't think I've ever seen an "unfair" situation in golf where more skill (or mental toughness, which really is a skill as well) wouldn't have helped.