There are Augusta National yardage books. Both the "pretty" versions normally sold in pro shops that make for nice souvenirs, and the "white" yardage books specifically created for Tour caddies and players. The Masters white yardage book does contain one VERY significant difference to a normal tour stops yardage book, in that it does not contain the +/- elevation changes in parenthesis next to the yardages. It's up to the players and caddie to develop and document that info and keep it up with the changes made year to year.
When one of the players I manage, Jim Herman, won the 2016 Houston Open, and the last golden ticket into Augusta, we were able to get he and his caddy Matt into Augusta by about 10am the following day. Jim had not played in the Masters before, but had played a very casual round at Augusta the previous November. Matt had caddied in several previous Masters, mostly I believe for Rocco Mediate.
While Jim spent most of Monday doing media and getting settled, Matt went out and walked, double checked, and added in elevation changes for the first 9 holes. This took him about 5 hours. The next day, after Jim had played an 18 hole practice round, Matt spent another 3-4 hours documenting the 9 he didn't do on Monday.
Some insights I remember when we looked at Matt's info: he measured the steepest grade on the property as the incline from the base of 8 fairway up to around 100 yards. He had it at around 10%, which is massive. By contrast 10 fairway only fell 8.5% at it's steepest. There were several (+/-) adjustments from the idea landing spots into the greens that were the opposite uphill/downhill than I'd have guessed from previously playing and walking Augusta myself. Off the top of my head 7 was less uphill on the approach to the green and 17 was more uphill.
And then finally Matt used Wednesday to try to get some "just in case" numbers that aren't in the book when you buy it.
The only surprise I remember Jim and Matt talking about after the event was the use (I think on Thursday?) of the up-up tee on 4. They thought the back tee box and the next one up would both be used, but one day the really up box left and below 3 green was used, cutting the hole by 50 yards.
Hope that answers your question?
Michael