A note from page 154, Things that have changed the most since 1982. Number five ," That anyone would spend the kind of money it took to develop Kingsbarn or Castle Stuart or the European Club is unimaginable." European club owner and designer, Pat Ruddy, mortgaged his home, did much of the shaping himself, used sleepers in the bunkers because they were less expensive to maintain, and there was no irrigation on the course, even for greens. He has changed the course as he has had the money. Now, of course, the TEC is very profitable.