I have lived in both places and if I was to move back to one or the other I would choose Portland, but Seattle has a lot of merit.
In terms of golf, I don't think either city has it in spades so a bit of a push here. I think the clubs in pdx are more affordable, but you'll get pretty standard parkland fare in either place. Obviously, as mentioned, Portland is closer to Bandon and Bend.
In terms of weather, I was shocked how much colder and wetter Seattle seemed to be when I lived there. Personally, I found the 5 to 7 degree difference significant in terms of creating year round "golfability". Portland definitely gets the nod there. If there is a cold/wet winter like there have been the past couple years then it doesn't really matter because the golf season shortens to 6 months, but if the winter is fairly dry and temperate I have been able to play year round in Portland but that was not the case in Washington.
In terms of lifestyle, it just depends on what you are after. Portland is a much smaller city - no NFL team or MLB team - it has MLS and NBA and a pretty good junior hockey team. I think it is a lot easier to live in Portland suburbs and get around than in Seattle which is in a beautiful location but surrounded by water which makes it really hard to get around.
The vibe in Portland has been captured in the "Portlandia" series - it's really not that far off. People are more laidback and "unique" than in Seattle - generally. You don't get the "great" high end stores in Portland that you have in Seattle and the amount of "culture" is probably 1/2 or 1/3 in terms of shows, opera, etc. If you like to see bands, especially indy groups, then Seattle is better but Portland does pretty well too.
I was very impressed by the restaurants in Seattle - Portland on a per capita basis is probably better, and there is a very strong organic vibe there - but I thought the food in Seattle was better overall if you like to go out and eat.
The business scene is MUCH better in Seattle. Way more successful companies, VCs, entrepreneurial vibe, etc. It's world class.
Both cities are really cool and the PNW is a great place to live if you can put up with the rain/drizzle 8 to 9 months a year. Summer in Portland and Bend are ridiculous, there is nowhere else I'd rather be. Seattle is really nice as well, just a bit cooler but the mountains, lakes, water, etc. are just unreal. Aside from Vancouver, BC, I can't think of any other city that has such amazing scenery on a clear day as Seattle.