The definition of "great" has to be the ability to beat the best players in the world. Since the best players gather once a year at Augusta National and the TPC Stadium Course, those would be two good choices on which to sharpen one's game.
My other picks would be courses that routinely host Opens -- particularly TOC and Carnoustie, where Tiger, Nicklaus, Bobby Jones, Hogan, Watson, and Player won championships, and Pebble Beach and Merion, where Tiger, Nicklaus, Jones, Hogan, Watson, and Trevino won championships. Somewhere in that small group is your ideal course.