Good mention of the Bethpage Black since it is located in the $$ price NY Metro area.
Would also mention the following courses:
1). Paa Ko Ridge (outside Albuquerque), fees is less than $50 with quality golf and surroundings (for those who value them) that are second to none. Selected by GD as the best affordable course last year. An sbolute winner
2). Pinon Hills (Farmington , NM). You can get a full season of golf for less than $500!!! Superb Ken Dye design.
3). Painted Dunes Desert GC (El Paso, TX) Another superb Ken Dye design and a solid course that features an array of obstacles from heavy wind on most days and a variety of well placed hazards. Green fees don't even touch $30.
4). Old Works (Anaconda, Montana). The only Nicklaus design course that does not require a credit card to play.