Does the "open" or bland status of several of Scotland's finishing holes have anything to do with the heightened focus over the centuries on match play? The penultimate holes in most matches are holes 15-17, where one player is trying to close the deal, and the other tries to gamble to take the match to 18, or to taks his opponent to extra holes.
At TOC, 15-16 test accuracy with drives between bunkers and boundary lines, and of course #17 has match play elements of whether a player plays for 4 or 5. At Prestwick, 15 and 16 are short, tight holes, with possible disaster awaiting just off the fairway on 15 (gorse, whins) and just over the 16th green (cardinal bunker), and 17 is the famous alps hole, where the approach and placement on the sloping green is important. I have never been to North Berwick, but I will say that the pics I've seen of the 16th green seem to indicate there is some strategy involved.
In the US, there is a higher focus on stroke play, and the 18th hole stands as the final test (Tom's idea of the last word). There are some exceptions to every rule, but many courses, especially those that have hosted championships, end invariably end with a 450+ yard par four.
I have been to 21 courses in Scotland and Ireland, and many seem to follow the trend of a weaker (in comparison with the rest of the round) 18th hole:
Weaker: Ballybunion, Rosses Point, Enniscrone, Tralee, Prestwick, Royal Montrose, TOC, the New Course, Cruden Bay
Medium (for sake of discussion, not character-building): Carne, Connemara, Waterville, Duke's Course (parkland), Nairn, Western Gailes
Strong: Leven, Moray-Old, Royal Aberdeen, Dornoch, the Jubilee course
So, only 4 of 21 have particularly strong finishers, and I think you will find that many of those in the weaker and medium categories will have great stretches of holes in the middle of their back nines!
-Brad