The 17th is at least partly Perry Maxwell's design, since MacKenzie never saw the back nine. When I first joined the club, there was a rumor/story that MacKenzie's routing was somewhat different for the 17th and 18th, with the 17th playing somewhere further to the right, but there is no map in existence which shows that, and it's hard to believe knowing the topography over there, and the need to connect the road around that side of the course.
I believe the land was mostly treed except up by the green. The old apple trees by the green pre-date the course.
When the hole was built, there was only one way to play it: hit it 200-220 yards to the plateau in the fairway, and then a pitch from there. I think that is still the best way to play it unless you are very long and 100% sure you're not going to lose a ball by hitting driver.
The hole would have worked better when the fairways were longer and a ball would stay in the dip in the fairway or if the approach came up short. It's much more severe now that anything short rolls back 40-60 yards.