I'm looking at this from the view of underclubbing, since that seems to be where the thread going.
If fronting bunkers were deeper and rear bunkers shallower, would it change the thinking of golfers on their approach shots, thus changing the way the game would be played ?
That depends on whether the bunkers extended the length of the green, and what else was there.
When in doubt, I conciously underclub because it is usually the smarter play (read: leaves you an easier up and down than going over). The front of greens usually have "openings" to them with fairway running right up to the edge; behind greens there are typically not such areas, and one is always left in rough, a bunker, or contending with significant contours. Almost always the easier up and down is from the fairway short.
But, if broadened to incorporate all challenges short and long of greens, rather than just bunkers, I think your point is a valid one. For example, using the same reasoning I described above, I always play the 11th at Royal Dornoch to miss long rather than short. The front of the green is much narrower than the back, and there are steep slopes and bunkers guarding the front/first half of the green. Furthermore, over the green there is a good five or six paces of fairway before any rough starts, so the up and down from there is much easier.
If you combined that with a green tilted from high front to low back, would it accelerate the process ?
For the record, I love greens that tilt from high front to low back.
I think it would actually slow the process:
With a green sloping away from me, I try and land my ball closer to the front of the green to increase the likelihood of keeping it on the green. So, I think this would in fact cause more people to miss short from "getting too cute".
Another point is that you can't see the back of the green as well or at all, and what you can't see is always scarier than what you can. Players won't want to hit it in places they can't see, and would therefore tend to avoid going long.