Adam,
Yes it is Mandalay, Burmah (now Myanmar).
There are/were numerous courses on British military bases not only in the UK but all round the globe. Some of the old 'Royal' clubs overseas were started by the British military, not just the army either, but at naval bases as well and later RAF bases. Days of the Raj and the Empire and all that and unless the regimes that took over since have bulldozed them for other uses they're often still there, sometimes in prime positions. Sometimes the regimes or semi-rulers played golf themselves, which is why I suspect the old Mandalay course may have originated inside the walled city, my speculation though.
Often the old military courses are on nice golfing land, eg Whittington Heath/Barracks in the UK, the army do like their heathlands, and then there's the Army Golf Club at Aldershot, not just the army now, but the name says it all.
BC,
That's an interesting one. Tees on the ramparts. Shame it's NLE. I think I may have seen a routing map of it posted herein at some time.
All,
Here's another interesting one, I imagine ex-British Raj, right in the middle of Kolkata (Calcutta), seat of power of the British in India for a long, long time.
https://www.google.com/maps/@22.5531832,88.3419643,16z/data=!3m1!1e3Atb