I think "second shot course" is a a useful term. It means to me you really have to control the distance, spin, and often shape of your approaches to score. To me, Its not really about strategy off the tee and angles either as much as that gets talked about. Its about really hitting thoughtful, quality approaches to make birdies or leave yourself a chance for par. Second course shots tend to be ones where short and straight of the green is good for par sometimes and bogey a lot. Pin high and wide is real tough and over is often worse. Birdies require precision approaches. In the Carolinas, Camden and Palmetto are second shot courses.
No. 2 is a second shot course for sure as mentioned above. You can drive it all over the place there now but you better get your approach and leave for the next right. There are favored angles but you can get it on or provide yourself a good lv from anywhere if you think on your second. Angc is a second shot course too but the drive matters more there than no 2.
Colonial, harbor town, and muirfield are all around control ball striking courses. Wouldnt call them 2nd shot courses. If you hit a good drive they arent so tough or thought provoking into the green vs number 2 or angc. Also dont think putting is particularly tough at any of these. The greens are realtively staright forward once the hitting piece is covered.
Torry Pines and Congressional are driver courses. Really pounding it out there straight makes a huge difference on those places.
A lot of courses arent that classifiable in my mind. I dont what id call Merion or Oakmont other than a really good all around test. In various spots tee balls, approaches, recoveries, and putting are pretty tough.