Gentlemen:
Within the broad category of daily fee you have some fine distinctions.
First, there are taxpayer owned facilities (i.e. Bethpage Black, Torrey Pines, etc.). When you really begin to analyze what is available in the USA under this heading the pickings are indeed slim from a "course worthy" consideration before you get into crowd and logistical concerns.
Second, you have privately owned but available to the public on nearly 100 percent basis. The examples are Pebble beach and Pinehurst #2 are two of the best known.
Third, you then have facilities that are semi-private. These are facilities that permit public play at certain times. They may have a membership of some number or are connected to a facility (resort) which permits outside play within certain parameters.
From a personal level I read in Golfweek that Bandon is being considered for a USGA Mid-Amateur. I would like to see the Open go there because I think the course has the muscle (reduce the two par-5 on the back nine) and wherewithal to host an Open. However, it's remote location is probably not going to permit that to happen.
I'll throw in another course that probably few have played and it's located in the west. The Golf Club at Thanksgiving Point (Lehi, UT), just south of Salt Lake City, is long enough (way over 7,000 plus yards), has a metro area nearby and the Johnny Miller designed course could be modified beyond its initial difficulty to host an Open. The catch? The present owners are Mormons and the course is closed on Sundays (last I checked).
I'll reserving comment on Torrey Pines until I see the results of this week's tour event and when I visit there later this year.