By the time the Golden Age started, and when Bartholomew would have been engaged with Metairie, there was a pretty distinct line between professionals and greenskeepers. In both cases, what those roles entailed is exactly what you would think of for someone in the same positions today, with the idea that many pros were in the club making business as well.
There were some courses/clubs where one individual took on both roles, but it certainly wasn't the norm. Probably makes sense to keep in mind that for every Olympia Fields CC (four courses with over a thousand members) there was a Lucas GC (a small town 9 holer).