Reminds me of an afternoon at Black Lake (Onaway, MI). After a long drive from Traverse City I set out to walk the course, even though they were pushing cart usage. After 12 or so holes I finally hit one in a bunker. Couldn't find a rake, smoothed as well as I could and then proceeded to hit many more bunkers. After a few holes I encountered a course worker and mentioned the lack of a rake, and was told '"it's in your cart", "what cart?" "doh".
My preference is outside the bunker, away from play, but at the end of the day a survey of rake positions wouldn't lead to hint of what is the policy.
Bunker slopes should be firm so that a ball will roll to the bottom and not plug in the face. When I see a rake next to a steep slope in the bunker, I will reposition the rake to keep thoughtless golfers from scaling the slope and making a lot of work for maintenance
rake