I haven't seen all the thrusts in this thread, but this last situation, where the player made 3 on the provisional...
Fuck him; he DOES have the wrong spirit (or whatever you call it) in his heart because he wanted it both ways. He used the provisional declaration to cover his ass (in agreement with Jim C) --with or without anecdotal reports that it might be "in"-- before he saw the insurance was unnecessary. The fellow competitor (in this case, within a top tournament) was absolutely protecting the field by locating the ball. Before he knew if he would "lose" another or get plugged in a bunker face he wanted that "find" and willingly took the protection of the rules, for which the cost is precisely the situation he encountered. If his original ball was in the cup or on the green, he would have sung a different tune. It's like you taking back insurance on the black jack dealer's ace once you see he has a "4" and you're at 20.
When your ball is, or might be, lost, the rules offer options at a cost - sometimes strokes, sometime distance, sometimes difficulty of next shot, they give you 5 minutes to fully exercise your options. It is up to the player to exercise those options as judiciously as they are given.
What I would like to know is when does the hole "end" for the player whose provisional has been holed out? At the moment he holes out (or discovers he has holed out) or when the 5 minutes is officially exhausted? When he removes the ball from the cup, when the other player is done with play?
Yet a fuller possible answer to Jim C is that I can envision an extremely limited and rare scenario where you were playing a match and your opponent had already whacked into the woods and then played his provisional poorly and then YOU get up do the same and judge that a terrible fate has claimed your original ball, perhaps its just worth it to quarantine yourself from any chance that he could use that apple against you and you'll take your chances on the second one.
cheers
vk