Phil, is the 13th at Merion a great hole? I think to do that it has to engender a much greater sense of excitement/expectation - need to deliver your best shot etc. I don't think that hole does it for me.
Some of the other holes mentioned are maybe cheating a bit on the length side. Agree with Mark about 1st at Huntercombe, but that is generally around 130-140 yards and plays from wedge to 6-7 iron, depending on the wind. Dornoch 6 is also not short (though in that part of the world the 13th? at Brora is a great and short par 3).
By my criteria of being very short, meaning probably less than a full wedge in a steady state, and for having a sense of drama, I would favour the two 7's mentioned - Pebble Beach and Barnbougle Dunes (can't remember exact length, but pretty short?)