Dan,
In a set of rules for stroke play, ca. 1802 you'll find this about about playing the ball as it lies:
That to prevent disputes in the game the ball shall be played in whatever situation it lies except when in the tract or half its depth in water, when the player shall drop the ball behind and play it with an iron.
But in that same set of rules there is a provision for lifting a ball to identify it:
That if any golfer shall be at a loss to know his own ball from his opponent’s he shall not lift any of the balls till they agree.
And another rule from that same set is similar to our present day embedded ball rule:
That if a ball shall be so played as to stick fast in the ground, the said ball shall be loosened by the opposite party to the owner of the ball so fastened.
In a set from 1891 you'll find this nugget:
A ball may, under a penalty of two strokes, be lifted out of a difficulty of any description, and be teed behind same.
Imagine that, re-teeing a ball after lifting it from any type of irregularity, and anywhere on the course.
In 1809 a player received a free lift for 'casual water':
If a ball lies in any of the water tracks on the green, it may be taken out, dropped behind the track, and played with an iron without losing a stroke.
I could keep going with these, but I think the point is made. There'd be no finishing a game at stroke play unless hands were laid on the ball. Match play was the more 'pure' game, and more hands off. You'd lose the hole instead of having the option of ball-in-hand.
Don,
In all the instances you mentioned you know that there is a good sized wedge of relief area that could very well be on the upslope, or on the 'good' turf. Taking the maximum advantage that the rules allow doesn't make one a cheater, and if it is later deemed that too much advantage was taken by the player, he or she will suffer the consequences, penalty strokes or a DQ if the timing warrants it.