Los Angeles: LACC (North) and Riviera
San Francisco: Cypress Point and SFGC
Chicago: Chicago GC and Beverly (as well as Shoreacres)
Philadelphia: Pine Valley and Merion
New York: Garden City and NGLA (as well as Winged Foot [East and West], Shinnecock, Baltusrol [Upper and Lower], Westchester, Quaker Ridge, etc. - it's impossible to pick just a few.)
Boston: The Country Club and Essex County
I assume I could have picked a few more obscure courses, such as Gulph Mills, Maidstone, etc. Obviously, I have seen/played very few of the courses I listed, but from all that I have heard and seen in pictures, these are pretty definitive answers. As for other "cities"...
North Carolina: Charlotte CC and Pinehurst #2
Tennessee: The Honors Course and Holston Hills
Charleston, SC: Yeamans Hall and Kiawah (Ocean)
Hilton Head, SC: Harbour Town and Chechessee Creek
Alright, at this point, I figure I have gone a bit overboard. But then again, is that possible when it comes to golf...?
All the best,