Cristian, you have a lot of options and there have been other threads dealing with all the areas on your trip. Briefly:
Vancouver
Private - Capilano and Shaughnessy
Public - not much, there are a lot of public courses but nothing that distinguishes itself IMHO
Vancouver Island
Private - Royal Colwood, Victoria
Public - Cordova Bay (Victoria), Duncan Meadows (Duncan), Crown Isle (Courtney), Storey Creek (Campbell River)
Whistler - Big Sky (30 minutes north of Whistler in Pemberton), Whistler Golf Course, Nicklaus North
Kamloops - Tobiano, Rivershore
Rockies - Banff, Jasper Kannanaskis (36 hole RTJ facility)
There are many other fine courses in the East Kootenays, which is a mountain valley west of the Rockies.
Others will have additional suggestions I am sure.
Look for a PM from me.