I think the first course over here that had a dedicated practice range had something to do with Donald Ross. Can't remember whether it was at Oakley in Mass or somewhere else such as Pinehurst but the first practice range was known as "Suicide Hill."
What did they generally do for preround practice back then? Obviously nothing or the ones who wanted to do a little something would commonly send their caddy out on a fairway near the start and hit the balls in their bag at him. He would field them, pick them up, bring them in and they would start the round.