Four things first:
First, I don't think Koolau's original back tees are in use, anymore. When they were, Evan's right - the whole place was ridiculous!
Second, I'd second #16 at Pine Valley down the right side (the only way you can see the whole green) - it's awesome.
Third, I'd vote for giving Int'l GC an asterisk on this one - the carries do exist but.....8000+ yards??
Fourth, there's no mention of Pete Dye here. Isn't there a couple on the Ocean Course, alone??
Now for 2 of mine. Oddly, they're both from a "short" course.
1) The back tees at Merion #12 require a 220+ carry through a chute of trees to carry a creek before a relatively narrow fairway begins. There's rarely more than a 1/2 club wind to make it more complicated but I always feel pretty good about hitting a good tee ball on that one.
Unlike Pine Valley #16, you do have the option to lay up with a long iron but the 2nd shot then becomes quite problematic given the angle and the size of the green.
Not as dramatic looking as many others, but it sticks in my mind, nonetheless.
2) Although it's not in regular use, the new "way back" tee box on Merion #18 may be the ultimate in this regard. That tee forces a 230+ (uphill) carry out of the quarry that is nothing short of scary. No water and rarely much breeze but "wow", anyway. Perhaps most importantly, unlike the others mentioned above and elsewhere on this thread, there's no bailout on this one. No shorter route, no place to lay up - nothing. You MUST execute - the ultimate in "penal" on the ultimate strategic design. Neat, huh?