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ForkaB

Re:Did the Arts and Crafts Movement really influence GCA?
« Reply #150 on: May 09, 2005, 06:57:14 AM »
"You and Tom MacW seem to be inclined to grasp at threads of second-hand evidence and present them as whole cloth and/or fact."

The fact is the A&C movement had a significant impact on the aesthetic and philosphy of that period.


Tom

You are smoking your own exhaust on this one.  It is your opinion and not a "fact."  Give me some real facts and I might begin to think that your are onto something other than trying to buttress your own prejudices.

Until then.....

Rich

T_MacWood

Re:Did the Arts and Crafts Movement really influence GCA?
« Reply #151 on: May 09, 2005, 08:50:22 AM »
"You and Tom MacW seem to be inclined to grasp at threads of second-hand evidence and present them as whole cloth and/or fact."

The fact is the A&C movement had a significant impact on the aesthetic and philosphy of that period.


Tom

You are smoking your own exhaust on this one.  It is your opinion and not a "fact."  Give me some real facts and I might begin to think that your are onto something other than trying to buttress your own prejudices.

Until then.....

Rich

Rich
I'm not sure if you are just being a contrarian for the sake of being a contrarian or you actually believe the A&C Movement had little impact during that period. I may be prejudiced, but I'm not the only one. Here are some links to a small sampling of books on the subject. I think you will find them interesting, and perhaps they will alter your way of looking at the golden age of GA:

http://www.thamesandhudson.com/books/The_Arts_and_Crafts_Movement/0500202486.mxs/37/38/

http://www.thamesandhudson.com/books/Treasures_of_the_American_Arts_and_Crafts_Movement_1890-1920/0500284083.mxs/20/13/

http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0714837113/ref=pd_sbs_b_2/104-3061694-2017545?%5Fencoding=UTF8&v=glance

http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0500238154/104-3061694-2017545?v=glance

http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0821228412/ref=pd_sbs_b_6/104-3061694-2017545?%5Fencoding=UTF8&v=glance

http://www.buildersbooksource.com/cgi-bin/booksite/20989.html

http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0752210548/202-2888016-7680602
« Last Edit: May 09, 2005, 09:01:17 AM by Tom MacWood »

TEPaul

Re:Did the Arts and Crafts Movement really influence GCA?
« Reply #152 on: May 09, 2005, 08:57:43 AM »
"TE
I did, I'm surprised you missed it. It was right after I saked you a pointed question about WP II, which evidently didn't know the answer to, so you may have stopped reading at that point. It was about seventy posts ago...I didn't write the essay to get naming rights (which appeared to be a very soar subject with you) and both are minor issues in the greater scheme of things:"

Tom:

I'm sorry if I missed your pointed question about Park. I guess I did missed it, not because I didn't know it but because I just must have just missed it. What was the pointed question? If I don't know the answer to something I certainly don't mind saying so. I'm certainly no expert on Park although I sure have read plenty of opinions of others from that time and later ahout him and his significance to golf architecture. Goddard's book on Maidstone about him was interesting.

"On your two main issues…if you can come up with a better name, go ahead. My purpose in writing the essay was not to rename the period, but to explain the A&C movement and the impact it had upon all design at that time…including golf architecture at a key juncture."

I already said on here I think the term "Golden Age" has been just fine. At least we all know what it refers to and most seem to know the primary influences on it.

"If your name is good…I say we go with it. It would probably be more inline with the umbrella nature of the movement: consolidating sub-categories, Prairie, Craftsman, Mission, Natural gardening, etc."

I agree with you---if your name is good go with it, particularly if its descriptive of an era or the influences on it. Again, I just don't think relabelling "Golden Age" golf architecture "arts and crafts" golf architecture is either, and I'm pretty comfortable me and a number of others on this thread have shown why. When I hear you use this idea of the "umbrella nature of the A/C movement, I tend to think it's a modus you use that most of us call generalizing to make a point! I'm aware of all the art forms and sub-categories the A/C movement touched or influenced in some ways. Prairie, Mission, Craftsman, Natural gardening----what are those art forms and sub-categories Tom? Are they styles of golf course architecture or sub-categories of golf course architecture? They are not. They are styles of BUILDING architecture and the category of gardening or landscape gardening. While interesting they are definitely not golf course architecture. Are you beginning to see the potential problems with your "Umbrella" theory of the A/C Movement? Are you beginning to see the potential problems with "generalizing"? You should just stick to golf course architecture and the influences on it. While it really is interesting to read your first three or so parts about the A/C movement and Pugin and Morris and Rushkin (I truly mean that BTW) not one of them had a damn thing to do directly with golf course architecture of any era.

"When and if I rewrite the essay in the future, I’ll probably rewrite the part about Hutchinson being the Father of modern GA.  I don’t particularly like calling anyone the Father of anything…it really doesn’t explain much. IMO it doesn’t explain clearly the significant impact Hutchinson had in those early years. I’m not sure what I’ll call him (if anything), but I kind of like ‘the guide’…because it better describes his guiding impact upon so many."

I already responded to that on here but it's fine for you to bring it up again. Glad to hear it. Glad you admit calling him the "Father of the art of golf architecture" was not a good idea. That's definitely one of my points on this thread. I'd rather not see someone read that remark in your essay in the future and actually assume it's true. Historic revisionism can start with a lot less than that. You should probably change it in the "In My Opinion" section now so noone else gets the wrong idea about him.
« Last Edit: May 09, 2005, 09:12:08 AM by TEPaul »

T_MacWood

Re:Did the Arts and Crafts Movement really influence GCA?
« Reply #153 on: May 09, 2005, 09:05:40 AM »
TE
You often bring up the term historic revisionism as if it is bad thing. Are my essays on Arts & Crafts Golf, Alison, Crump and Simpson historic revisionism?

T_MacWood

Re:Did the Arts and Crafts Movement really influence GCA?
« Reply #154 on: May 09, 2005, 09:11:55 AM »
"I agree with you---if your name is good go with it, particularly if its descriptive of an era or the influences on it. Again, I just don't think relabelling "Golden Age" golf architecture "arts and crafts" golf architecture is either, and I'm pretty comfortable me and a number of others on this thread have shown why."

IMO you have done a pretty poor job in proving anything. I don't believe your one quote from C&W was particularly inlightening....you were never able to bring to the table any independently discovered information from that period. Although the fact you lived a British venacular summer home was interesing.

T_MacWood

Re:Did the Arts and Crafts Movement really influence GCA?
« Reply #155 on: May 09, 2005, 09:20:01 AM »
"Prairie, Mission, Craftsman, Natural gardening----what are those art forms and sub-categories Tom? Are they styles of golf course architecture or sub-categories of golf course architecture? They are not. They are styles of BUILDING architecture and the category of gardening or landscape gardening. "

Mission is furniture. Craftsman is furniture and architecture. You can add Art Nuveau which included a large number of art and craft forms...from jewelry to glass. In painting you have Pre-Raphealite and the Monterey School.

You should hit on some of the links above...a better understanding of the movement would lend more credibility to your position.
« Last Edit: May 09, 2005, 09:44:55 AM by Tom MacWood »

TEPaul

Re:Did the Arts and Crafts Movement really influence GCA?
« Reply #156 on: May 09, 2005, 09:31:20 AM »
"TE
You often bring up the term historic revisionism as if it is bad thing. Are my essays on Arts & Crafts Golf, Alison, Crump and Simpson historic revisionism?"

Yes I do often bring up the subject of historic revisionism or I guess I should say "revisionism of history" and I'll continue to do that on this website. I sure do think it's a bad idea---frankly a really terrible idea---always have thought that and I hope I always will. That type of thing simply distorts the realities of history and I see nothing good about that at all. Ever heard the adage "If one doesn't understand history they're bound to repeat it"?  We on this website are trying to be truthful about the realities of the history of golf architecture, significant eras in golf architecture, the real and primary influences on it that complete a better understanding of the truthful evolution of it. I can't think of a better endeavor on here but maybe you don't agree with that----apparently not actually if you really are asking me if I think it's a bad idea.

Your essays on the arts and crafts movement, Alison, Crump and Simpson? I read so much sometimes I'll have to refresh my memory.

I'm fascinated by Alison and if you mean his sojourn in Japan I thought that was really excellent. On Simpson? I can't remember that---where is it, Simpson is a fascinating one to me? On Crump? I thought that was really good and of course I hope you remember that I told you so both on here and otherwise through emails and such. On the arts and crafts movement essay? What are you kidding me? Haven't I made it clear yet on this seven page thread that I started what I admire about that essay and what I don't admire at all about it?

BTW, on the Crump essay which I sure do think was good I feel that the voluminous discussion about that subject and PVGC and Crump's part and Colt's part on this discussion group went a long way to steering you in the right direction on that essay. I sure am glad you didn't write that essay on what you and Paul Turner said a number of times in the past that you felt there was some kind of campaign or conspiracy on the part of PVGC or even Philadelphia golf to glorify Crump with the intention to minimize Colt. If you'd written that I'm sure you have a pretty good idea what I likely would have said about it---basically the same thing I said to both of you about that on here for a few years.

I think some of your essays are wonderful (and please don't take that as some kind of "back-handed compliment" as you mentioned on here lately) and some, or at least one, had some historical inaccuracies,in my opinion, and of course as I'm sure you're aware by now I thought your conclusion and suggestion that the A/C movement's influence on the "Golden Age of golf architecture was significant enough to remane that era "arts and crafts golf architecture" was really wrong historically and otherwise. And the part about Hutchinson the Father of the art of golf course architecture too.

Perhaps you want to refer to those conclusions and suggestions in your essay as "side issues" but that's not the way I look at it.
« Last Edit: May 09, 2005, 09:38:07 AM by TEPaul »

ForkaB

Re:Did the Arts and Crafts Movement really influence GCA?
« Reply #157 on: May 09, 2005, 09:42:29 AM »
"You and Tom MacW seem to be inclined to grasp at threads of second-hand evidence and present them as whole cloth and/or fact."

The fact is the A&C movement had a significant impact on the aesthetic and philosphy of that period.


Tom

You are smoking your own exhaust on this one.  It is your opinion and not a "fact."  Give me some real facts and I might begin to think that your are onto something other than trying to buttress your own prejudices.

Until then.....

Rich

Rich
I'm not sure if you are just being a contrarian for the sake of being a contrarian or you actually believe the A&C Movement had little impact during that period. I may be prejudiced, but I'm not the only one. Here are some links to a small sampling of books on the subject. I think you will find them interesting, and perhaps they will alter your way of looking at the golden age of GA:

http://www.thamesandhudson.com/books/The_Arts_and_Crafts_Movement/0500202486.mxs/37/38/

http://www.thamesandhudson.com/books/Treasures_of_the_American_Arts_and_Crafts_Movement_1890-1920/0500284083.mxs/20/13/

http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0714837113/ref=pd_sbs_b_2/104-3061694-2017545?%5Fencoding=UTF8&v=glance

http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0500238154/104-3061694-2017545?v=glance

http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0821228412/ref=pd_sbs_b_6/104-3061694-2017545?%5Fencoding=UTF8&v=glance

http://www.buildersbooksource.com/cgi-bin/booksite/20989.html

http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0752210548/202-2888016-7680602

Thanks for the references, Tom. You weren't being selective in choosing them were you? :)

The academic part of my college years were spent largely studying social and esthetic trends, particulary over the past 150 years.  My esthetic focus was on literature, and as I'm sure you know, the words "arts and crafts" were never mentioned in any serious study of that art, even peripherally.  Nor was it ever mentioned in any broader surveys of social thought (including courses on this subject which I took in England in the middle 60's).  Vis a vis social philosophy, except for the minor and tenuous socialist connection through William Morris (we hardly think of him in the same terms as Marx and Engels, now, do we?), nothing either.  Hard to think of Bertrand Russell or Lenin contemplating the meaning of wallpaper or chintzes (two of Morrisses specialites, according to my sources........).

Let me give you a clue as to from whence I come.  I know of a person who wrote their honours thesis at a renowned university effectively arguing that "Ulysses" was based not on Homer's "Odyssey" but on Swift's "Gulliver's Travels."  It was an absurd premise, but one that could be argued based on speculation fuelled by the lack of evidence to the contrary (it is always very hard to disprove an anti-negative).  The premise was "supported" by numerous second-hand facts and several coincidences.  It was a tour de force, but it was not true.

There is a vast difference between art, truth and argument.  Your A&C theories fall in the latter category--IMO, of course.  It is a point of view, but it is not true, based on my unerstandings.  But, we are all learning something from this debate, I think, which is why I continue to participate in it.  

However, unless you pull some rabbit out of the hat soon, I think I'll leave you and your supporters to your fantasies.

Slainte

Rich

T_MacWood

Re:Did the Arts and Crafts Movement really influence GCA?
« Reply #158 on: May 09, 2005, 09:51:14 AM »
"think some of your essays are wonderful (and please don't take that as some kind of "back-handed compliment" as you mentioned on here lately) and some, or at least one, had some historical inaccuracies,in my opinion, and of course as I'm sure you're aware by now I thought your conclusion and suggestion that the A/C movement's influence on the "Golden Age of golf architecture was significant enough to remane that era "arts and crafts golf architecture" was really wrong historically and otherwise. And the part about Hutchinson the Father of the art of golf course architecture too."

I appreciate your opinion and your right to have one, however (and I hope this does not offend you) I give greater weight to the views of Morrissett, Shackelford and Jerris on this subject. IMO they have much greater understanding of early British golf architecture and the A&C movement.

Adam_F_Collins

Re:Did the Arts and Crafts Movement really influence GCA?
« Reply #159 on: May 09, 2005, 10:01:50 AM »
I'm bringing this over here, because it isn't getting addressed in the Victorian thread -

It is a response to Tom MacWood's questions. The paragraphs begun with ">>" are my responses

Adam
How do you separate any design from the artistic and aesthetic of the time?

>> I don't. At the time, we have the Victorian, Arts and Crafts as well as Classical influences and most certainly others. I'm not separating anything. Beyond that, I'm asking that we also remember that we can't separate mankind in any era from his basic human tendencies.

"Have we considered wether or not it is possible that some of those quoted - such as Dr. MacKenzie - who referred to "Victorian" golf design, might have done so simply for the sake of their own marketing?"

Yes

>>I assume you're speaking for yourself - And what did you come up with? Was it in your essay?

"Could the popularity of the natural environment for health and well-being, and interest in nature as "good and right" have influenced some of the designers of the time to use the term "Victorian" as a way of creating bad press?"

I don't understand your question.

>>I modified this a bit a minute after I sent it to end with the words "...for their competitors." I wonder if it may have been the best interest of their own aspirations to refer to competitors using a term that was falling out of fashion.

"Did Dunn ever refer to his work as Victorian?"

I've never read anything TD wrote...I doubt it.

>> This goes back to what I asked in the other thread about proponents of the "Victorian" in golf course architecture. That part of my question was never really answered. I think it should be given some consideration, because I think it reveals more of what I'm trying to get at here and that is that I don't believe their was any real "Victorian Age" to speak of in golf. I realize that it was referred to, I realize that there was a formal symmetry, and I realize that there may have been a good number of poorly laid out, flat, boring, symmetrical courses with stupid bumps for hazards.

But I think the only real "movement" here was the "Golf Movement". Golf was moving inland as it was becoming popular. Yes, I agree that the Arts & Crafts were part of the spirit of the times, and in that way played a role. But Art's & Crafts is difficult to define in terms of influence as there were many things going on at the time which involved a movement toward nature - and they weren't all to fall under the heading of Arts & Crafts. As I mentioned, the development of the Public Park was part of this.

Also, A&C began as a social movement and was very much concerned with things that we do not see attention paid to in Golf. For instance - the importance of handicraft and an aversion to machine production. Golf embraced the machine in many ways.
There was an A&C focus on truth in natural materials which were local to the area - but golf nearly always has included SAND. Often when it is not a natural part of the landscape - that is because it's form was dictated not by the ideals of A&C, but by the links. right from the beginning, golf architects sought to 'fake' nature - and that was counter to the honesty in production and material which the true Arts & Crafts proponents sought to celebrate.

Art's & Crafts, growth of the machine, the renewed interest in nature and outdoor activity for health, the growth of golf and the population explosion in the U.S. all happened at the same time - so they most certainly all contributed to the reality of that day. But as far as golf courses are concerned, I don't think the ties are clear enough to conclude that the Arts & Crafts movement was a major driving force behind it's formal development.

"And what about clients? Could it be that some clients pressed for some of these formal arrangements?"

It's possible. It is also possible that the designs of Colt, MacKenzie and Simpson should be credited to their clients.

>>Of course it is, and it's been discussed here before. I started one such thread myself. My question is wether we've considered it in relation to THIS thread and our understanding of Victorian Age golf course design. So what has your research told you about the clients of these type of courses and what they wanted?

"Beyond that, there is the basic mathematical aspect of golf - the differnt clubs, with different lofts, travelling different distances. These numerical foundations lend themselves easily to formulaic arrangements - many of which modern architects still fight today -
(and it ain't because of any Victorian aesthetic.)"

Explain what impact it had upon ancient links, Victorian and golden age architecute.

>>Hmm, that's an easy one. A request like that seems to be a bit of a tall order here...more of a rhetorical one than anything. But I am really interested in this discussion and not out to fight or cause any personal injury, so I'll entertain it.

I would imagine that the mathematical foundation of golf grew WITH the early links more than dictated it. St' Andrews does not seem to be so rigidly based on formula - to it's credit - and that may be partly why.

Later, when one could safely say that "of the 10's of thousands of golfers out there, the average one will hit this club this far" the formulas most certainly began to take their toll. The root of my suggestion here is that this could surely have led an early builder of golf courses to believe (and say) that "Laying out a golf course is as easy as 1-2-3"

"Formulaic arrangement is most likely one of the most basic pitfalls of golf course architecture and always has been. But I think that has a lot to do with the nature of the game itself - with its numeric foundations - combined with the fact that in any business, there's a good 3/4 in the field that might be better doing something else - because they're just not that good at what they do."

Would you descirbe the natural evolved links as formulaic?

>>I'm going to skip this one as it's kind of a repeat.

T_MacWood

Re:Did the Arts and Crafts Movement really influence GCA?
« Reply #160 on: May 09, 2005, 10:09:26 AM »
"Thanks for the references, Tom. You weren't being selective in choosing them were you? "

I was selective...these are some of the better books on subject IMO.

"The academic part of my college years were spent largely studying social and esthetic trends, particulary over the past 150 years."

When was that? As you know, the revelation of the A&C Movement influence is a relatively recent discovery. If you pick up any art or architecture book published in the last decade or two, or study of middle class British life of that period, you will find the movement mentioned prominantly. Not only that but there has been a revival of the A&C aesthetic.

Obviously I can't convince everyone...it is especially difficult to convince those who believe the A&C movement was of little consequence and the golden age of GA may not have occured.

« Last Edit: May 09, 2005, 10:11:15 AM by Tom MacWood »

TEPaul

Re:Did the Arts and Crafts Movement really influence GCA?
« Reply #161 on: May 09, 2005, 10:19:40 AM »
Tom MacWood said:

"I agree with you---if your name is good go with it, particularly if its descriptive of an era or the influences on it. Again, I just don't think relabelling "Golden Age" golf architecture "arts and crafts" golf architecture is either, and I'm pretty comfortable me and a number of others on this thread have shown why."

IMO you have done a pretty poor job in proving anything. I don't believe your one quote from C&W was particularly inlightening....you were never able to bring to the table any independently discovered information from that period. Although the fact you lived a British venacular summer home was interesing."

Tom, now that remark and that post really does piss me off. Don't you read what I write on here or do you just read and refer to what seems convenient to perpetuate your point?

In case you missed my mention of it on here a number of times I referred to the collected body of literature on the history and evolution of this era of golf course architecture and specifically to those hallmark books Hunter's "Links", MacKenzie's "Spirt of St Andrews", Thomas's "Golf Architecture in America", MacDonald's "Scotland's Gift Golf".

What the hell are you expecting me to do on here, rewrite those books on here by quoting them in their entirety on this issue and subject. I assumed you read those book but maybe I'm wrong. They are pretty crystal clear on what the architectural influences on the "Golden Age" were---eg linksland and heathland architecture and number of other influences that for some mysterious reason never mentioned the influence of the A/C movement as primary or Hutchinson as the Father of the art of golf architecture.

But perhaps I'm beginning to see what you may be driving at here. Perhaps you think I should just do my own research independent of that literature of the history and influences on the Golden Age and then write my own essays about it all to see if I can prove it right or wrong. In case you never noticed that's sort of a lot of what we all do on this website every day anyway.

Again, I think I finally see what you're driving at here. It appears you go through all this old material all the time in some attempt to perhaps prove it wrong or to develop your own theories on it. Is that really necessary for you to do? I've read a good deal of the literature of the Golden Age of golf architecture, particularly the literature of those who lived through it and virtually created that history. I find most all of it to be historically accurate. You're attemtp to insert some major and primary influence that they all missed somehow I find not only somewhat peculiar but also somewhat suspect and that is the entire point of starting this thread.

Your reaction to be questioned on the thing you write in your essays it sort of to tell us you did all this research so how can any of us question your conclusions or suggestions. You call some of us ignorant of these subjects. Unfortunately for you we are not ignorant of these subjects and so most of us just don't accept that quite arrogant response on your part.

Again, try to get past this thing you constantly say to me on here that C&W is all I've read or refer to. I've read a whole lot more about this era than just that whether you can bring yourself to admit it and acknowledge it or not.

Don't get confused between me or anyone else on here not reading something and me or anyone else on here not agreeing with some of the things you say on here.  Apparently some of your points in your essays are not the last word on some of these subjects you may think they are or hope they are. If you want to be a respected historian or chronicler of the nuances, ramifications and influences of what makes up the truthful evolution of golf course architecture you pretty much have to earn that respect every single day by what you write and say and how well you support and defend it against the legitimate opinions of others and the evidence they supply.

Read the literature of the Golden Age and the influences on it and you should see that it's not just C&W---it's pretty much all of it together. The primary influences are pretty clear and the fact that the A/C movements influence has never been considered all that primary is pretty clear too, despite you convenient "umbrella' theory about it. Again, to me that's just another term for a massive generalization on your part to make a specific point that you consider new.

In my opinion, it didn't really work and the reason why are pretty obvious.

TEPaul

Re:Did the Arts and Crafts Movement really influence GCA?
« Reply #162 on: May 09, 2005, 10:46:07 AM »
Tom Mac:

Of course it doesn't offend me you put greater weight in the opinions of Morrissett, Shackelford and Jerris on this subject than in my opinion. That's as it should be I'm sure. I love Ran, we all seem to but I don't know that I'd put all that much weight in what he knows about the A/C movement but maybe I'm wrong about that---because I really never knew how he felt about it.

Geoff Shackelford is another story altogether. I did have some discussions about the Arts and Crafts movement with him about five years ago when I spent a few days with him in and around Riviera and Rustic Canyon and maybe some more when he came East a few years ago. He told me a lot about his interest in the Arts and Crafts Movement particularly in California where it seems to have been particularly strong. He even told me about his interest in other art that has very little to do with golf course architecture. Geoff Shackelford, is perhaps the single best modern historian, analzyer and also conceptualizer on golf course archtiecture on the planet, in my opinion, and I've said so on here and elsewhere a lot. Mentioning that opinion of mine about him that way clearly ticks off a number of people in and around the business and the subject of golf course architecture but so what? I really do feel that way about him. Geoff and I have talked a lot over the years on a number of subjects to do with golf and golf architecture---I'm sure you know what a few of them are. He's excellent at calling and asking for opinions on things he feels he needs to know for background, specific facts, whatever. We may not agree on all of them but at least we'e discussed them intelligently. Although I've talked with him about A/C I never have like some of the other subjects we've discussed over the years.

He's probably your equal in just finding material (and that really is a compliment) because I and obviously most on here really do feel that way about you---no left handed compliment there, I promise). I think you're really good that way. But how and what you sometimes assume and conclude from that material you find is the problem I sometimes have with you as others sometimes to do. There's nothing personal in that either---it's just what anyone who writes has to go through.

But to me GeoffShac is just so much better at analyzing his research than any of us, I feel, very much including you. He never tends to just dump volumes of what he's read and found on us the way you do when asked to explain his assumptions and conclusions and I've always found those assumptions and conclusions to be virtually bullet-proof to serious analytical questioning. In my opinion GeoffShac is the best there is in this area that we all seem so interested in. Probably miles better than anyone else--including Klein, Fay, Whitten and certainly you. That's my opinion and has been for quite some time. I also found Doak's assumptions and conclusions in his book on MacKenzie to be virtually bullet-proof too and very interesting and edifying. Clearly Doak is really excellent in the things he does on the subject of golf architecture and classic golf archtiecture.

Rand Jerris---I don't know how he feels about the A/C movement's influence on the "Golden Age". I know how he feels about Tillinghast and a number of other areas of golf course architecture, though, and it sure is impressive and so is he---I doubt he'd be where he is if he wasn't. And I do know the USGA has huge respect for him, his knowledge and what he does.
« Last Edit: May 09, 2005, 10:58:54 AM by TEPaul »

ForkaB

Re:Did the Arts and Crafts Movement really influence GCA?
« Reply #163 on: May 09, 2005, 10:48:37 AM »
"Thanks for the references, Tom. You weren't being selective in choosing them were you? "

I was selective...these are some of the better books on subject IMO.

"The academic part of my college years were spent largely studying social and esthetic trends, particulary over the past 150 years."

When was that? As you know, the revelation of the A&C Movement influence is a relatively recent discovery. If you pick up any art or architecture book published in the last decade or two, or study of middle class British life of that period, you will find the movement mentioned prominantly. Not only that but there has been a revival of the A&C aesthetic.

Obviously I can't convince everyone...it is especially difficult to convince those who believe the A&C movement was of little consequence and the golden age of GA may not have occured.



Tom

I have an encycolpedia from that golden age (1964-1972) and it says just about exactly what current encyclopedias say:

1975:  Arts and Crafts--term for that general field of applied designing in which hand fabrication is dominant.

2005:  The Arts and Crafts Movement began primarily as a search for authentic and meaningful styles for the 19th century and as a reaction to the eclectic historicism of the Victorian era and to 'soulless' machine-made production aided by the Industrial Revolution. Considering the machine to be the root cause of all evils, the protagonists of this movement turned away from the use of machines and towards handcraft, which tended to concentrate their productions in the hands of sensitive but well-heeled patrons.

Both versions would seem to exclude MacDonald, Banks, Raynor, MacKenzie, and probably Colt and Willie Park Jr. too, unless they all moved their dirt with their hands.....

Please read Adam's thoughtful posts thoughtfully.  I agree with him that A&C was an influence on esthetic life at the turn of the last century, but hardly a major one, particularly in relation to GCA.  I know you believe otherwise, but you haven't come close to proving it, at least to me and many others.

As I said on some earlier post somewhere else, there is probably a better case to be made for the influence of socialism/communism on the golden age of GCA, given Morris and Hunter's proclivities........... ;)


Adam_F_Collins

Re:Did the Arts and Crafts Movement really influence GCA?
« Reply #164 on: May 09, 2005, 10:55:39 AM »
For the sake of clarity (if anyone is interested)

I'm going to try to simplify my main points. I am not interested in personal banter or bickering, so I want to reiterate my goal:

I want to get closer to understanding the history and origins of golf course architecture, and am using this forum and specifically (god help me) this thread, for that purpose.

My points:

1) The Arts and Crafts movement was surely in full swing during the Golden Age of GCA - so it was surely a contributor to the spirit of the age, but it is difficult to say wether it was a CENTRAL DRIVING FORCE, because there were many contributors to the spirit of the age - among them was a move toward nature for the sake of health and well-being, and the rise of the Public Park. Neither of these things are widely associated with the A&C movement, but could certainly be seen as part of the spirit of the age - and therefore, could have played major roles in the popularity boom of golf.

2) I question the validity of using the term "Victorian Age" in relation to golf course architecture for several reasons.

• By this time, the term "Victorian" was already somewhat of a derogatory term, used to discount or criticize creative work. (Yes, largely because of the A&C movement, but also because of the general interest in moving back to nature - which went beyond A&C)

• The formal arrangement of the courses of people such as Dunn, does not make something "Victorian". It could simply be bad. Golf course architecture was not sufficiently developed to have much of a "method" by this point, so it was just starting as a profession. What is called by some "Victorian" was actually occurring simultaneously to more traditional development, which suggests to me that "The Dark Ages" may have been little more than a relatively short-lived run of crappy architecture - and not any well-established "age" of any kind.

• Architects of the time were competing. Therefore the use of the term "Victorian" by men such as MacKenzie could simply have been an effort to discount competitors, and work he didn't approve of. The use of the word does not make and 'age' or an 'era'.

• The growing popularity of golf and the establishment of increasingly standardized golf equipment meant that there was more and more of a "mathematical, formulaic" basis which architects had to careful not to get trapped by. (This club hits this far on average, so we'll always put a hazard there). This simple pitfall still traps architects today, so we can't discount it in the early stages of GCA. The fact that some of the courses created in the early growth of the game inland had "formal" or "formulaic" layouts could just as easily be attributed to low levels of creativity in the face of a strong mathematical framework as it could be attributed to "The Victorian Age".

3) Some of golf's Golden Age development was in direct contrast to the true motivations of the A&C.

• The A&C favored handicrafts, GCA used machines whenever they could.

• The A&C favored the use of local materials and an honesty in production which utilized the materials at hand. GCA almost invariably used SAND - regardless of wether or not the site contained it. This point alone seems to suggest the core importance of the early links over A&C ideals. The fact is that GCA has always been making one artificial reproduction of the links or another all these years. Some are more abstracted than others - but it remains the clear and visible driving force.

I think we might want to look at COMMUNICATION in our search for the driving forces behind the golden age. How many of the GOlden Age architects were sharing ideas at this time? How many travelled in the same circles? Could the publication of such magazines as Country Life been more important to the development of the Golden Age because it served to "CONNECT" - rather than to push the ideals of a single movement?


 

T_MacWood

Re:Did the Arts and Crafts Movement really influence GCA?
« Reply #165 on: May 09, 2005, 11:04:58 AM »
Adam

"Have we considered wether or not it is possible that some of those quoted - such as Dr. MacKenzie - who referred to "Victorian" golf design, might have done so simply for the sake of their own marketing?"

Yes

>>I assume you're speaking for yourself - And what did you come up with? Was it in your essay?

>>>MacKenzie's mention of Victorian courses occured thirty years after it ended....what advantage would he gain?  Have you seen any examples of Victorian architecture? It doesn't sound like it. You may be the only person I  know of who is considering the merits of this universally condemned period of golf design.

But I think the only real "movement" here was the "Golf Movement".

>>>It is a known fact that golf's popularity exploded right before and after the turn of the century. Necessitating the need for new courses, golf architects and golf architecture. This thread is about anayzing the architecture...the golf movement is a given.

"Also, A&C began as a social movement and was very much concerned with things that we do not see attention paid to in Golf. For instance - the importance of handicraft and an aversion to machine production. Golf embraced the machine in many ways."

>>>So did the many of the artists of the A&C movement (incuding William Morris)...that is one of its many paradoxes. The bunker from Pasateimpo on the first page was not handcrafted?

"There was an A&C focus on truth in natural materials which were local to the area - but golf nearly always has included SAND. Often when it is not a natural part of the landscape - that is because it's form was dictated not by the ideals of A&C, but by the links. right from the beginning, golf architects sought to 'fake' nature - and that was counter to the honesty in production and material which the true Arts & Crafts proponents sought to celebrate."

>>>Is the heathland sandy? The only house I'm aware of that is totally natural is a cave. A flat tee is not natural either. There are certain components of a golf course that are tradtional...the architects of the golden age understood the imporatance using natural hazards and when man-made hazards were required making them as natural appearing as possible. Have you read MacKenzie, Colt or Simpson's books?

"Art's & Crafts, growth of the machine, the renewed interest in nature and outdoor activity for health, the growth of golf and the population explosion in the U.S. all happened at the same time - so they most certainly all contributed to the reality of that day. But as far as golf courses are concerned, I don't think the ties are clear enough to conclude that the Arts & Crafts movement was a major driving force behind it's formal development"

>>>You are entitled to your opinion. The golden age of golf design began outside London, not in the US. Many of the men who elevated the state of golf design in America were either British or had studied the art in Britain.

>>Of course it is, and it's been discussed here before. I started one such thread myself. My question is wether we've considered it in relation to THIS thread and our understanding of Victorian Age golf course design. So what has your research told you about the clients of these type of courses and what they wanted?

>>>If the question is Victorian vs Links inspired...I reckon once they saw courses like Sunningdale, Walton Heath, Woking, Swinley Forest, Coombe Hill and Worplesdon, they requested the latter.

"Beyond that, there is the basic mathematical aspect of golf - the differnt clubs, with different lofts, travelling different distances. These numerical foundations lend themselves easily to formulaic arrangements - many of which modern architects still fight today -
(and it ain't because of any Victorian aesthetic.)"

Explain what impact it had upon ancient links, Victorian and golden age architecute.

>>Hmm, that's an easy one. A request like that seems to be a bit of a tall order here...more of a rhetorical one than anything. But I am really interested in this discussion and not out to fight or cause any personal injury, so I'll entertain it.

I would imagine that the mathematical foundation of golf grew WITH the early links more than dictated it. St' Andrews does not seem to be so rigidly based on formula - to it's credit - and that may be partly why.

Later, when one could safely say that "of the 10's of thousands of golfers out there, the average one will hit this club this far" the formulas most certainly began to take their toll. The root of my suggestion here is that this could surely have led an early builder of golf courses to believe (and say) that "Laying out a golf course is as easy as 1-2-3"

"Formulaic arrangement is most likely one of the most basic pitfalls of golf course architecture and always has been. But I think that has a lot to do with the nature of the game itself - with its numeric foundations - combined with the fact that in any business, there's a good 3/4 in the field that might be better doing something else - because they're just not that good at what they do."

>>>Do you think you may be going off on a tangent here....what does the golf architecture literature say about the importance of math? What impact did math have upon turn of the century British design and aesthetics?

Would you descirbe the natural evolved links as formulaic?

>>>Strategically and aesthetically, no. Especially when compared to the Victorian designs. On the other hand if you want to argue that the standard of 18 holes and basic form of a golf hole (tee, fairway, hazards and green) is formulaic, feel free. Perhaps you could write a 'My Opinion' piece on that subject.
« Last Edit: May 09, 2005, 01:23:58 PM by Tom MacWood »

Adam_F_Collins

Re:Did the Arts and Crafts Movement really influence GCA?
« Reply #166 on: May 09, 2005, 11:05:06 AM »
The publishing of strongly opinionated written work which identified the natural links as the best model for golf and (through the use of such (then) derogatory terms as "Victorian" or "Dark Ages" to describe golf which did not adhere to this model) discounted other types of development.

In many ways, it may be this increased sharing of information about the subject which created a core group of people who were "in the know" about this growing subject. Could this sharing of information been a part of the "fashion" of these learned men?

Could this sharing of information been key to the establishment of the first "subculture" of golf course enthusiasts who were deeply interested in this new sport and where it came from?

Could this, in itself - amid the spirit of the age - been the real key to the Golden Age of golf course architecture?

T_MacWood

Re:Did the Arts and Crafts Movement really influence GCA?
« Reply #167 on: May 09, 2005, 11:10:23 AM »
Rich
I said:
"fact is the A&C movement had a significant impact on the aesthetic and philosphy of that period."
 
Your response:

"Tom

You are smoking your own exhaust on this one.  It is your opinion and not a "fact."  Give me some real facts and I might begin to think that your are onto something other than trying to buttress your own prejudices."

It would appear based on your last post, that in fact the A&C movement did have a significant impact on the aesthetic and philosphy of that period.

Adam_F_Collins

Re:Did the Arts and Crafts Movement really influence GCA?
« Reply #168 on: May 09, 2005, 11:18:05 AM »

It would appear based on your last post, that in fact the A&C movement did have a significant impact on the aesthetic and philosphy of that period.


Isn't that a given? How many here are just arguing wether or not the A&C had a significant impact on aesthetic philosophies of the age?

The question is wether or not the A&C movement was a MAJOR contributor to, or KEY influence on the formal development of the golf course during the golden age, and can we really pinpoint or clearly identify and support that influence.


Isn't it?

TEPaul

Re:Did the Arts and Crafts Movement really influence GCA?
« Reply #169 on: May 09, 2005, 11:33:33 AM »
"As you know, the revelation of the A&C Movement influence is a relatively recent discovery. If you pick up any art or architecture book published in the last decade or two, or study of middle class British life of that period, you will find the movement mentioned prominantly. Not only that but there has been a revival of the A&C aesthetic.

Obviously, I can't convince everyone...it is especially difficult to convince those who believe the A&C movement was of little consequence and the golden age of GA may not have occured."

Tom:

It's really pretty disheartening to see you go on and on like that as this thread progresses. This is an interesting subject and you aren't really doing much to explain or defend your position on it. You wrote that essay, we didn't and that's the only reason we probably put you in the positon your in on this thread

Can't you by now possibly understand that no one on here has questioned the influence of the A/C movement on certain ohter aspects of British life and other art forms and areas. Can't you understand that noone on here has said the Golden Age of golf architecture never occured? I can guarantee you that a number of us are aware of both and have been for a whole lot longer than we've been aware of you and your essay and interest in the subject. You, for some reason, may find that hard or impossible to believe but it really is true.

A good deal has been written about the A/C movement over the years, what it was, where it was, who was involved in it and and why. It's influences were clearly wide-spread even if it was a movement or philosophy that may not have sustained itself all that well. And it probably is enjoying a bit of a renaissance. I grew up with Stickley furniture, for instance, even bought some about fifteen years ago. I certainly knew of the influence and significance of the A/C movement on it---the product has always mentioned that and even marketed that fact. Philadelphia is replete with evidence of the A/C movement in its heyday. The house of Eshler that's about five miles from my place may be the most complete example of the A/C movement in the world. Have you ever seen it? I always understood the building architectural significance of A/C movement in some of the homes in the generations of my own family. I don't really understand why you'd want to make light of that fact. Did you grow up around the influence of the A/C movement in the homes of your family?

I don't see anyone on here questioning the influence of the A/C movement in those other areas. They're only questioning the significance of the INFLUENCE of the A/C movement on the actual golf architecture of the so-called Golden Age. For some reason noone bothered to make that case before, other than you. When asked to explain your reasons why it was so influential to the golf architecture of the Golden Age, all you can seem to tell us endlessly is it has to do with this "umbrella" theory of yours of the A/C. I'm not really buying that type of explanation and clearly some others aren't either. We obviously need you to be more specific about its influence on golf architecture of that era and not just Mission or Prairie building architecture or landscape gardening. Those things are not golf course architecture, or are you under some misguided impression they are? I'd sure like to think you aren't that misguided. And that's precisely why you just keep giving us this Goddamned "Umbrella" theory of yours when the subject of the A/C movement and its influence comes to the subject of golf course architecture of the so-called Golden Age.

If you just keep doing that I'm checking out of this discussion now. You sure haven't convinced me or apparently some others. Your arguments and your responses on here are just not cogent. Rerunning this "Umbrella" theory and occassionally telling us we're ignorant just ain't cutting it.

But you sure are entitled to your own opinion about the signifcant influence of the A/C movement on the architecture of the Golden Age. I'm just not sure some of us really care about that opinion of yours any more, if these kinds of responses over and over again are the best you can do.



ForkaB

Re:Did the Arts and Crafts Movement really influence GCA?
« Reply #170 on: May 09, 2005, 12:34:47 PM »
Rich
I said:
"fact is the A&C movement had a significant impact on the aesthetic and philosphy of that period."
 
Your response:

"Tom

You are smoking your own exhaust on this one.  It is your opinion and not a "fact."  Give me some real facts and I might begin to think that your are onto something other than trying to buttress your own prejudices."

It would appear based on your last post, that in fact the A&C movement did have a significant impact on the aesthetic and philosphy of that period.


Wrong again, Tom.  Re-read that post and report back to me after class.   Please focus on your qualititative and erroneous use of the word "significant.";)  Or, better, just re-read Adam's posts--he says more clearly than I what I think is the "truth" of this "argument."

TEPaul

Re:Did the Arts and Crafts Movement really influence GCA?
« Reply #171 on: May 09, 2005, 12:42:38 PM »
Adam Foster Collins (thank God) keeps coming back to the point I’m trying to discuss on this thread;

“How many here are just arguing wether or not the A&C had a significant impact on aesthetic philosophies of the age?”

Adam:

That’s not what I’m trying to discuss on this thread although Tom MacWood may be.

“The question is wether or not the A&C movement was a MAJOR contributor to, or KEY influence on the formal development of the golf course during the golden age, and can we really pinpoint or clearly identify and support that influence.”

Adam.

That’s the only point I’m trying to discuss on there although, again, that may not be all Tom MacWood is trying to discuss.

Tom MacWood asked of Adam earlier:

“Adam
How do you separate any design from the artistic and aesthetic of the time?”

Adam:

It’s beginning to occur to me that Tom MacW may actually be seriously asking that question! Frankly, to me, that’s a pretty horrible thought. Is this perhaps why Tom keeps responding with this “umbrella” theory of his when he keeps telling us this is why the Golden Age of golf architecture had to have been primarily influenced by the arts and crafts movement? Is it possible that all Tom MacWood can do or does do is try to find similarities in various things, various art forms or categories or professions, endeavors, whatever? If one gets general enough (Tom MacWood's novel "umbrella" theory?) it’s probably possible to find similarities between any two things or anything at all-----eg If the sun shines on everything on earth that’s exposed to it-----therefore-----everything that’s exposed to it must be similar, must share a common primary influence—eg THE SUN, etc, etc. Is that what we want to do on here with these particular subjects of the A/C movement and the so-called Golden Age? I sure don’t.

Again, Tom asks---“How do you separate any design from the artistic and aesthetic of the time?”

One way is to compare and contrast them and to look for similar influences on both or different influences on either! And while you're at that you may even notice that in any same time or in any same era there may actually be numerous "aesthetics" or "artistic" characteristics in certainly different design forms or even very similar ones. When you do this kind of thing you're probably bound to find similarities in the comparing construct as well as differences in the contrast construct. Similarities to me are very interesting but generally not if someone gets TOO general about them as Tom MacWood seems to constantly be on the subjects of A/C movement and Golden Age golf architecture. Distinctions, however, particularly in things otherwise similar are really interesting to me and frankly most of the interest to me in this subject of golf course architecture, its eras and evolution.

Is it possible that Tom MacWood is not particularly aware of the fundamental construct of “comparing and contrasting”? Is it possible he’s not particularly aware that if you want to identify similarities and differences between two things (two art forms, two professions, two anything) you compare and contrast them? In this way you generally come to find their similarities and differences as well as perhaps the things that primarily influence them and how those primary influences may be the same for both or different for either.

Beginning in grade school most of us probably learned how to use the fundamental construct of “comparing and contrasting” if we were looking at two or a few different things. “Compare”=look for similarities among things----“Contrast”=look for differences between things.

Is it possible Lil” Tom MacW was tuned in on the “compare” part in sixth grade but when the teacher got around to explaining the “contrast” part Lil’ Tom MacW was either tuned out, asleep or perhaps in the back of the classroom more interested in trying to cop a feel on Lil’ Betty Lou’s nubile little left titty?

I sure hope what he was doing was the latter. At least he was doing something worthwhile. But it would certainly explain why he doesn’t seen to understand how to “contrast” two things and probably why he completely generalizes the way he does on here----hence this half-baked “umbrella” theory of his that the A/C movement must have primarily influenced golf course architecture of the Golden Age or just before since they were going on concurrently in this world. But that’s not very interesting to this discussion here.

Hey, Tom Mac----do you figure the A/C movement was a primary influence on Lil” Betty Lou’s little nubile left titty too or maybe her nubile little left titty was a primary influence on the A/C movement of that time?
« Last Edit: May 09, 2005, 12:59:48 PM by TEPaul »

T_MacWood

Re:Did the Arts and Crafts Movement really influence GCA?
« Reply #172 on: May 09, 2005, 01:11:14 PM »
Adam
Its obvious you put a lot of thought into this, which I appreciate.


1) The Arts and Crafts movement was surely in full swing during the Golden Age of GCA - so it was surely a contributor to the spirit of the age, but it is difficult to say wether it was a CENTRAL DRIVING FORCE, because there were many contributors to the spirit of the age - among them was a move toward nature for the sake of health and well-being, and the rise of the Public Park. Neither of these things are widely associated with the A&C movement, but could certainly be seen as part of the spirit of the age - and therefore, could have played major roles in the popularity boom of golf.

>>>Was the move "toward nature for the sake of health and well-being, and the rise of the Public Park" an aesthetic movement. They may have contributed to the popularity of the game, but they don't explain why the Victorian style became popular or why the Victorian style was ultimately rejected at the beginning the golden age (1900).

2) I question the validity of using the term "Victorian Age" in relation to golf course architecture for several reasons.

>>>Victorian golf architecture was used by Alison, Colt, MacKenzie, among others, to describe the style of design popular in the 1890's. If you haven't read these books, look at Shackeford's Golden Age for a diagram of one of these formulaic hole. It is Walter Travis's diagram, he called it the Dunn System, others called the Dark Ages. They are all the same thing.

>>>What are some of the better Victorian inland designs? Who were some of the better architects in the 1890's?

>>>How would MacKenzie and the others benefit from writing about and criticizng Victorian architecture in the 1920's?

3) Some of golf's Golden Age development was in direct contrast to the true motivations of the A&C.

>>>How were Huntercombe, Sunningdale, Walton Heath, Worplesdon, Stoke Poges and Swinley Forest in direct contrast with the aesthetic promoted by the A&C movement?

• The A&C favored handicrafts, GCA used machines whenever they could.

>>>If you study the A&C you will find this contradiction often (among other condridictions)....many rejected this part of the movement, including Frank Llloyd Wright, who enbraced the machine. Another paradox the crafts produced by A&C movement were supposed to be enjoyed by the masses...unfortuantely the rich were often the only ones who could afford them. To concentrate only upon one aspect of the A&C Movement, at the exclusion of the other important principles, is a mistake IMO.

• The A&C favored the use of local materials and an honesty in production which utilized the materials at hand. GCA almost invariably used SAND - regardless of wether or not the site contained it. This point alone seems to suggest the core importance of the early links over A&C ideals. The fact is that GCA has always been making one artificial reproduction of the links or another all these years. Some are more abstracted than others - but it remains the clear and visible driving force.

>>>The early golden age architects also favored sand and sandy sites, they favored utilizing interesting natural features and endeavoring to make their man-made features appear as natural as possible...with the ancient links as their model. How does this differ from the architect Edward Prior attempting to meld his design with the site...with the naturally evolved venacular style as his model? Or Gertrude Jekyll designing a garden with traditional/native plants and blending it with the site...with the old fashioned cottage garden as her model?

T_MacWood

Re:Did the Arts and Crafts Movement really influence GCA?
« Reply #173 on: May 09, 2005, 01:19:04 PM »
"Isn't that a given? How many here are just arguing wether or not the A&C had a significant impact on aesthetic philosophies of the age?"

Adam
In my view it is a given, but evidently Rich doesn't see it that way.

ForkaB

Re:Did the Arts and Crafts Movement really influence GCA?
« Reply #174 on: May 09, 2005, 01:32:24 PM »
Take away the word "significant" and I'll agree and everything will be hunky-dory again!

Why?

Well.....from my understanding, most of the significant and enduring social philosophies of that age were actually anti-A&C--focused on precision (logical positivism, imagism), abstraction (abstract impressionism) or scientific theory (socialism, quantum physics).

I think if you look objectively at A&C from the perspective of 100+ years you see Shakers making uncomfortable chairs, Tom Paul's grandfather building summer cottages in Maine, a few toffs in London reading Country Life and trying to imagine what it might be like to live in the country, and a bunch of champagne socialists trying to philosphise away as to why the industrial revolution actually improved the lot of the workers.

But, then again and yet again, I may be worng...... :'(