I think the design process does affect the outcome. Some of your questions area bout the construction process, which affects it, too.
To answer briefly,
A lot. The more the sites vary, the more the design PROCESS has to stay the same to take advantage.....
No. I always see things on site that don't show up on topo and some of them turn out to be pretty damn important!
Probably Not, you'll miss something. Some relationships are better assessed on plan.
Probably, if they are good associates. Its a matter of who has time and passion often as much as its the name on the door. Think MacKenzie/Australia, many TF, JN and other big shop courses.
No, not without field supervision. Everyone has a slightly different idea they want to put in the course. Someone has to direct it and be firm in keeping the vision.
Probably not, but maybe on a "perfect site" and with an owner who doesn't care when it gets done.
Probably not. I am still surprised at how much hand work is necessary to finish a golf course.....
As to examples I don't have the time, so you'll have to trust me!
