Ed/Lou,
Actually, in theory, to get a Links Trust season ticket you don't have to be a local. There's one rate for people living in St. Andrews, there's a higher one for non-St. Andrews residents of Fife, and there's a third which anyone can get. (I think the price scale is something like £115/£230/£650 - just guessing. Chris showed me the exact price list the other day.) There are also categories for members of golf clubs in St. Andrews and various other folks.
Having said this, there's a waiting list for all passes except for locals. And to be classified as a "local", you have to jump through a great many hoops (as Chris has found out). I was lucky - as a student at the University, all I had to do was wait to get my student ID and use it as my credentials. Chris, on the other hand, has had to go so far as actually get on the local electoral roll. Point being, don't expect to stay in St. Andrews for a few months, claim that you're a local and get a cheap golf pass - ain't gonna happen...
Cheers,
Darren