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Steve_ Shaffer

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Affordable Golf
« on: December 23, 2004, 08:59:58 AM »
Will GCA members who attend this seminar please take good notes and report back to us.


Phelps to lead design session at Golf Industry Show

By
12/22/2004
URL: http://www.golfcoursenews.com/news/news.asp?ID=1172/


Evergreen, Colo. – Golf course architect Rick Phelps will conduct a seminar about designing affordable golf courses during the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America’s education conference at the Golf Industry Show Feb. 7-12 in Orlando. The four-hour session, “Designing for Affordable Golf — New Construction and Remodeling,” is scheduled at 1 p.m. on Monday, Feb. 7. Recently, Phelps designed Devil’s Thumb Golf Course in Delta, Colo.

“New construction and design will be the focus of the first half of the session,” Phelps says. “The second half will concentrate on remodeling and renovation projects and how to save money in terms of design, construction, maintenance and speed of play.”

Students attending the seminar during the international conference will have the opportunity to put what they’ve learned into practice by pairing up near the end of the session and routing several imaginary holes in a way that emphasizes cost efficiency and well-thought-out design principles, according to Phelps, who is a member of the American Society of Golf Course Architects.
"Some of us worship in churches, some in synagogues, some on golf courses ... "  Adlai Stevenson
Hyman Roth to Michael Corleone: "We're bigger than US Steel."
Ben Hogan “The most important shot in golf is the next one”

A_Clay_Man

Re:Affordable Golf
« Reply #1 on: December 23, 2004, 11:10:02 AM »
One of the interesting things I noticed on my recent Fazio trail, was the drainage. It was superb. It also costs and arm and a leg. One aspect that affordable golf can likely not provide, unless it's naturally well draining.

Stevenson ranch comes to mind as one such place that has adequate drainage without the lien on your wallet.

Donnie Beck

  • Karma: +0/-0
Re:Affordable Golf
« Reply #2 on: December 23, 2004, 12:10:28 PM »
I think I signed up for it..  I will post about after the show.

Steve_ Shaffer

  • Karma: +0/-0
Re:Affordable Golf
« Reply #3 on: December 23, 2004, 12:12:12 PM »
Here is a story of someone doing a good deed :

from www.aztrib.com


Scottsdale News
Disabled kids get their own golf spot  
By Ryan Gabrielson, Tribune
December 21, 2004
The Villa Monterey Golf Course, closed since May because of financial problems, has been sold to private investors to be transformed into a new-look course with instruction for children.
 
Harvey and Carol Ann Mackay, Minnesota residents who own a home in Paradise Valley, are finalizing the course’s purchase from the Arizona Golf Association, a nonprofit that owned and operated Villa Monterey, for an undisclosed sum.

Assistant city manager Neal Shearer confirmed the city was aware of the Mackays’ purchase, but emphasized Scottsdale is not involved.

"It sounds very encouraging and very positive, but the city obviously is not in the middle of discussions," Shearer said.

The nine-hole course, located at 8100 E. Camelback Road, is expected to be redesigned as a "garden golf course," said Ed Gowan, the association’s executive director. "(The plan) is what we wanted it to be five years ago when we got involved."

While the course will be open to the public, Jerry Graham, the association presi- dent, said its focus will be on teaching children, particularly those with physical or mental disabilities.

The Mackays have already hired architects to redesign the course so it is as much a beautiful landscape as a place to practice putting, Graham said. "It’s going to be the best looking piece of property along Hayden (Road). Those ponds will be glittering with water irises."

Gowan said the course is scheduled to reopen in the fall.

In recent months, the association has fielded offers from about five parties interested in taking over cash-strapped Villa Monterey, Graham said.

Harvey Mackay is the owner of a Minnesota envelope company, best-selling author of business strategy books and a syndicated columnist. His first book, "How to Swim With the Sharks Without Being Eaten Alive," topped The New York Times best-seller list.

He has been written about in Forbes magazine and is partially credited with keeping the Minnesota Twins and Minnesota Timberwolves from moving to other markets. According to reports in the Minneapolis Star-Tribune, Harvey Mackay also helped spearhead a fund-raising effort that spared the University of Minnesota’s golf program from budget cuts.

The Mackays serve on several boards of charitable organizations, Graham said. In Arizona, the couple are honorary chairmen for Scratch & Sniff, dedicated to raising awareness of the need to spay, neuter and care for pets.

Carol Ann Mackay declined comment Monday from their home in Aspen, Colo. Harvey Mackay was undergoing an all-day physical in Minnesota and unavailable for comment, said Greg Bailey, Mackay’s spokesman.

Villa Monterey was operated for years as an executive course with inexpensive greens fees. It was also known for its financial difficulties, first closing temporarily in 2000, until more than $80,000 was donated by individuals, and then again in the spring.

The golf association asked Scottsdale for assistance, but was turned down.

Mayor Mary Manross said it was proper for the city to wait for a buyer such as the Mackays to take over Villa Monterey.

"I think it behooves any government agency to try to get private investment," Manross said.
"Some of us worship in churches, some in synagogues, some on golf courses ... "  Adlai Stevenson
Hyman Roth to Michael Corleone: "We're bigger than US Steel."
Ben Hogan “The most important shot in golf is the next one”

SB

  • Karma: +0/-0
Re:Affordable Golf
« Reply #4 on: December 23, 2004, 12:34:33 PM »
This has been beat to death, but now I've got some time to wade into the fray.  And I should point out here that I'm talking about 95% of golf courses.  There's always a Rustic Canyon, but that's very much the exception than the rule.  Here's the problem as I see it with affordable golf:

1.)  Most golf courses are worth less than the cost to build them.  Even with free land, or in many cases a subsidy from the developer, golf courses are worth less than the contstruction cost.  That's even accounting for the fact that many buyers of courses underestimate the risks.  Sorry folks, its a fact.  This eliminates most people from building golf courses, even non-profits who at least try not to lose money.

2)  This leaves only two types of people to build golf courses:  developers and high end clubs.  High end clubs will not build cheap because, well, they're high end.  Developers won't build cheap because they're trying to sell houses, and to go into a deal knowing you're building on the cheap isn't a risk most developers want to take.

Here's my solution for cheap golf.  All golfers take 2005 off.  All golf courses go bankrupt and they can be purchased for the change in your pocket.  You lower rates to $20, and the problem is solved.  

Seriously, in markets where golf courses are struggling, rates have come down.  Pretty soon, older courses will get bulldozed, and that strikes me as the best opportunity for entry level courses.  Take an 18 hole course on 175 acres, turn it into a par three course and 200 homes, and you've found an economic way for this to work.  Developer makes $ on the homes, and has a debt free short course.  Everyone wins.

frank_D

Re:Affordable Golf
« Reply #5 on: December 27, 2004, 02:01:16 PM »
Here's my solution for cheap golf.
All golfers take 2005 off.  All golf courses go bankrupt and they can be purchased for the change in your pocket.  You lower rates to $20, and the problem is solved.  

brother SBusch

sorry but i've already purchased ($100) my "coupons" from Greg Norman / WCI to play Naples area courses (ie Tiburon, Raptor, Colony etc) and new courses like Parkland - for cart fee only $25 or $32

it has come to my "groups" opinion that instead of "joining" a single club to buy property or availability from a developer with "reciprocal" arangements among many upscale courses

as for the "old" courses an option you've omitted is that a local municipality purchase and operate the course - such as i've see in S FL at the biltmore (donald ross / coral gables) etc

SB

  • Karma: +0/-0
Re:Affordable Golf
« Reply #6 on: December 27, 2004, 04:42:13 PM »
Municipal golf is a great way to drive down costs.  Not only are they non-profit, but they are even kind enough to usually lose money and stick it to the taxpayers.

Really, the best scenario is for the town NEXT DOOR to waste a couple million on a golf course, and then you set up a PO box in that town to get the resident discount.

Did the city buy the Biltmore?  That place used to be profitable.

Tyler Kearns

  • Karma: +0/-0
Re:Affordable Golf
« Reply #7 on: December 27, 2004, 04:48:38 PM »
Adam,

When the ground conditions (soil & undulations) are not ideal for natural drainage to suffice - it can certainly be an expensive undertaking. However, it will save money in the long run, plus the club will generate more revenue during inclement times because they do not need to stay closed at all or as often. Drainage is the #1 priority when designing a golf course - a great design cannot be experienced without it - therefore, can it really be called great.

TK

Tony Ristola

  • Karma: +0/-0
Re:Affordable Golf
« Reply #8 on: December 27, 2004, 06:44:33 PM »
Would this be appeal to your sensibilities for affordable golf?  Rather than over-engineering the drainage system, have the superintendent put in the brunt of drainage after the course had opened and the "wet spots" were located?

frank_D

Re:Affordable Golf
« Reply #9 on: December 28, 2004, 09:27:38 AM »
Did the city buy the Biltmore?  

brother SBusch

yes the biltmore golf course only, the biltmore hotel is owned by a syndication

as far a soaking taxpayers - i don't know (in FLA it seems we prefer to soak the "visiting" taxpayers (tourists))

as for S FLA in general to make land available for development the municipality MUST maintain a certain percentage of the total land as "green" space to be in STATE compliance for funding as it regards the state's comprehensive land use master plan - this is why you see the road medians landscaped (maintained as lineal parks! with irrigation installed!) instead of paved (no maintenance required)

so for the municipality to allow commercial or residential development it must add a "green" parcel to maintain the required percentage "green" - and apparently a golf course fits the legalities required

i didn't realize that this was a bad idea

elsewhere municipalities have purchased and operated courses - wouldn't your PROPERTY VALUES increase ?

how about lake isle in eastchester NY ? that was purchased by the town many years ago - i've never heard any resident "taxpayer" say the costs outweighed the benefits OR any of the Westchester County NY courses ? certainly nowhere in the US are property values (especially the contiguous acres required for a course) more expensive that there (yes i know most of them were acquired some forty plus years ago)

in the future - IMHO affordable golf may only be available on municipal courses - which is why i raised the point
« Last Edit: December 28, 2004, 03:37:18 PM by frank_D »

A_Clay_Man

Re:Affordable Golf
« Reply #10 on: December 28, 2004, 11:24:03 AM »
Municipal golf is a great way to drive down costs. I have two words and one number. La Quinta. $197m. Not only are they non-profit, but they are even kind enough to usually lose money and stick it to the taxpayers.

Really, the best scenario is for the town NEXT DOOR to waste a couple million on a golf course, and then you set up a PO box in that town to get the resident discount. When the city of Monterey started charging non-resident fees to PG residents, to use the fitness center. The PG course started asking for utility bills to prove residency, not P.O. boxes.

Did the city buy the Biltmore?  That place used to be profitable.

Matt_Ward

Re:Affordable Golf
« Reply #11 on: December 29, 2004, 11:13:00 AM »
One of the biggest issues that dovetails with the idea of affordable golf is when privately owned daily-fee courses become outraged that taxpayer-owned jurisdictions (city, county, or state) jump into the golf development business.

I thought America was theland of competition -- not in their mind it is.

No less than some of the leading figures within my home state have come out and said very directly that competing against government in such an industry is really not their purpose in the first place.

What's amusing is that the private side of the aisle has not demonstrated any hesitation in charging higher feess -- as an FYI -- according to the NGF 2003 assessment of fees charges -- NJ is the 8th most expensive place to play golf.

Under their rationale -- it would be far better for Joe Sixpack and Mary Wineglass to simply have their golf provided by these robber barons.

Taxpayer-owned facilities are likely the only way to provide low cost golf to the masses -- especially in areas of heavy congestion such as the NY / NJ metro area, to name just one.

The privately-owned daily fee will simply grab the highest dollar it can charge. For all the talk about "growing the game" the reality is often more about "upping the rate" without really providing any meaningful incentive for the average player to keep on playing at these "country club" for a day places.

Steve_ Shaffer

  • Karma: +0/-0
Re:Affordable Golf
« Reply #12 on: December 29, 2004, 11:44:39 AM »
Matt

How do you explain the apparent financial failure of McCullough's Emerald Links, a project of Egg Harbor Township built on their trash dump?

Steve
"Some of us worship in churches, some in synagogues, some on golf courses ... "  Adlai Stevenson
Hyman Roth to Michael Corleone: "We're bigger than US Steel."
Ben Hogan “The most important shot in golf is the next one”

Matt_Ward

Re:Affordable Golf
« Reply #13 on: December 29, 2004, 11:50:32 AM »
Steve:

You need to help me out -- what "apparent financial failure" are you referring to? Billy Casper Golf manages the facility for the township and from what I have heard things have proceeded well although turf issues have been inconsistent.

The issue is that a number of the privately owned daily fee layouts in the area and in the state have made it a point to state that taxpayer-owned facilities have no business competing with them.

Steve_ Shaffer

  • Karma: +0/-0
Re:Affordable Golf
« Reply #14 on: December 29, 2004, 02:03:28 PM »
Matt

This is the only article I could find doing a quick search but The Press of Atlantic City has been reporting on this issue for awhile:

www.pressofatlanticcity.com/news/reports/emeraldaudit.html

It's an ok course done by Kay but pales in comparison with Twisted Dune which I can play in season for $55(senior rate) on Tuesday, Wednesday & Thursday

Steve
« Last Edit: December 29, 2004, 02:03:57 PM by Steve_ Shaffer »
"Some of us worship in churches, some in synagogues, some on golf courses ... "  Adlai Stevenson
Hyman Roth to Michael Corleone: "We're bigger than US Steel."
Ben Hogan “The most important shot in golf is the next one”

Joe Hancock

  • Karma: +0/-0
Re:Affordable Golf
« Reply #15 on: December 29, 2004, 02:37:01 PM »
One of the biggest issues that dovetails with the idea of affordable golf is when privately owned daily-fee courses become outraged that taxpayer-owned jurisdictions (city, county, or state) jump into the golf development business.

I thought America was theland of competition -- not in their mind it is.

No less than some of the leading figures within my home state have come out and said very directly that competing against government in such an industry is really not their purpose in the first place.

What's amusing is that the private side of the aisle has not demonstrated any hesitation in charging higher feess -- as an FYI -- according to the NGF 2003 assessment of fees charges -- NJ is the 8th most expensive place to play golf.

Under their rationale -- it would be far better for Joe Sixpack and Mary Wineglass to simply have their golf provided by these robber barons.

Taxpayer-owned facilities are likely the only way to provide low cost golf to the masses -- especially in areas of heavy congestion such as the NY / NJ metro area, to name just one.

The privately-owned daily fee will simply grab the highest dollar it can charge. For all the talk about "growing the game" the reality is often more about "upping the rate" without really providing any meaningful incentive for the average player to keep on playing at these "country club" for a day places.

Matt

I'm astounded that you have no grasp that a municipality has an unfair advantage in business:

Tax breaks, or even tax free
Lower cost, if not free utilities if owned by same municipality
Advertising dollars are often taxpayer dollars

And so on......

Joe
" What the hell is the point of architecture and excellence in design if a "clever" set up trumps it all?" Peter Pallotta, June 21, 2016

"People aren't picking a side of the fairway off a tee because of a randomly internally contoured green ."  jeffwarne, February 24, 2017

Matt_Ward

Re:Affordable Golf
« Reply #16 on: December 29, 2004, 03:14:09 PM »
Joe H:

I have a "firm grasp" on the differences between the two. I also understand the base constituencies are generally different.

The "munis" are simply there to provide at minimum a recreational component for their citizens. The privately owned daily fees are looking for a different persona in their marketing efforts. The munis primarily cater to those within a given jurisdiction (village, town, county, etc, etc) while the daily fee types can have a much wider net to bring in players.

Now, I can understand the argument that privately owned courses have when munis attempt to be something more than just a recreational component -- e.g. matching the quality of the CCFAD with something of comparable nature. But, frankly that's no different than what private colleges / universities could say against publicly financed schools. Competition is fine and dandy and candidly there are few munis across the nation that I have played that can be seriously thoughts as major contenders against a well done privately owned daily fee layout (Bethpage Black is likely the major example you could cite).

Most munis are simply lower level golf facilities and very few have the design heft to be viewed as serious competitors.

Steve:

I found Emerald Links to be better than just "OK." The only two holes that really fly in the face of what's there are the two (2) across the road (#15 & #16). The issues of inconsistency with turf have been mentioned a couple of times.

With Peter Hill coming to the Winter Conference it might be an opportunity to discuss with him what's happening at the course since they manage it.

I share your sentiments on Twisted Dune -- I think it's one of the very best in the state -- in fact, I have it as #2 among all public courses in Jersey for what it's worth.

Joe Hancock

  • Karma: +0/-0
Re:Affordable Golf
« Reply #17 on: December 29, 2004, 03:51:24 PM »
Matt,

Why does the muni model fail only when held up against a CCFAD? Doesn't competition also occur at the entry level? I'm missing your point....

I also felt your generalization that course owners are "robber barrons" because they show no "hesitation to raise fees" is out of line. Well golly gee, Matt.....I keep getting notices that fertilizer prices are going up 8-12%, taxes keep going up, insurance keeps going up, fuel, labor.....What do you think they should do? Maybe by trying to keep the doors open they are more interested in affordable golf than you understand.

The cost of golf is rising...and it's across the board.

Joe
" What the hell is the point of architecture and excellence in design if a "clever" set up trumps it all?" Peter Pallotta, June 21, 2016

"People aren't picking a side of the fairway off a tee because of a randomly internally contoured green ."  jeffwarne, February 24, 2017

Matt_Ward

Re:Affordable Golf
« Reply #18 on: December 29, 2004, 04:04:19 PM »
Joe:

The only model for success in the privately owned daily fee side is the CCFAD situation that exists today. It's no different than the people who build homes today -- they don't cater to the middle income folks -- they shoot for the McMansion size homes because of the increased profit margin they get.

In order to maximize return you're also seeing a wide range of golf course ownership groups like Troon Golf, to name just one, and a number of others, who can successfully bring forward their services on a scale basis. The day and age of farmer Frank dumping the farm and living off the profits of a middle-of-the-road daily fee are few indeed.

In my "neck of the woods" the only quick example I can cite of a former farm actually owned by the same family is a place called Olde Homestead in New Tripoli, PA.

Joe -- most people don't go to your general run-of-the-mill muni and expect / demand something that is a knock yourself out facility. They are there for the basics -- nothing more.

I stand what I said about being robber barons. The market I live in is priced out for the average Joe and his son to play. The CCFAD models are not interested in them -- what's left? The munis are the only recourse without breaking the bank.

I don't understand your point about rising prices -- geeze Joe -- tell me something I don't know. The muni exists for the purpose of dealing with golf at its most rudimentary level -- the CCFAD / privately owned daily fee is a different market. For them to complain about the involvement of the muni in the golf market is akin to Harvard complaining about the existence of the local community college. Two completely different markets.

Jim Thompson

  • Karma: +0/-0
Re:Affordable Golf
« Reply #19 on: December 29, 2004, 04:15:40 PM »
Matt,

Oh for you to walk a mile in an operators shoes...

The impact of gov't subsidized competition is immense and "munis" are not the only players.  The impact of a muni on the local mom and pop course is extremely direct competition.  If you were to consider Joe Hancock's course you would see he is at a great disadvantage against the muni when they both compete for the same market.  I'm pretty sure Joe would gladly take a refund just on his property taxes and could give you a very good list of improvements to made in the next few years with those funds.  The mom and pops do it with great efficiency and high levels of personal service.

Don't forget the impact of university courses that provide high end conditions for mid end rates, putting a real hurt on the 40-50 dollar operation.  If subsidized courses are only seeking local markets why do so many advertise in regional and statewide publication?  I know of several university courses and munis that market in state wide and regional publications.  I'd say they are directly marketing more than a local cliental.

Many players are not golfers like we are.  They rather go out to enjoy the sun with a few pops and play chase the white ball regardless of the layout or architecture.  Munis are not the only parties who entertain them and those who seek their business should not be considered lesser entities in the golf business.  The mom and pops as well as the muni system are where the future players of the game are nurtured and developed.  I would dare say that, in my experience, I would rather have players visit my facility who were developed at local mom and pops than munis as the respect the course rather than see it as an entitlement.

Your analogy of public to private schools is absolutely backwards.  The privates don't compete against publics for the lower dollar.  The privates are the private clubs, and ccfads not the smaller operator.  Your analogy is not even close to an apples to apples comparison.  In areas were munis had not existed and small courses carried the local low fee players, new munis are brutal.  I think you need to consider areas where population densities are just beginning to grow at the rates major municipalities have in the last twenty years.

Cheers!

JT
Jim Thompson

Matt_Ward

Re:Affordable Golf
« Reply #20 on: December 29, 2004, 04:30:23 PM »
Jim:

Here's what I know in my backyard. The munis are the only thing left for the average Joe to reasonably afford golf. There are no middle-of-the-road operators involved.

The ones that offer the CCFAD option make it a point to make Jersey the 8th most expensive place to play golf in the USA. That's a fact from the NGF.

What do the privately owned daily fee places have to worry about from the munis like the one already mentioned in the greater AC area when the top tier privately owned places are shooting for fatter fish.

The only reason they bitch and moan is that during their offseason they want to corral these folks to play their place. They don't want any competition because the market is not growing fast enough.

If one were to take this to extreme there should be no taxpayer owned golf because it competes against the private market place providers. That's a pity and complete self directed assessment. Heck, if the average Joe and Jane were to wait for the private sector to provide a reasonably priced alternative they might sooner see hell freeze over.

You may be in a different market place than the one I live in. Here in the Northeast the range of golf course options between the CCFAD and the muni is all but gone. For those opertaing CCFAD's that charge a very high price to play I find it laughable because what else is there to do for Joe Sixpack and Mary Wineglass?

I stand by my argument concerning publicly financed colleges / universities. It has merit because those who cannot go to the private side -- whether partially open or 100% private -- need a place to go.

I feel for the ownership group that's caught in between but in the market place I live that group has long been gone for quite some time.

One other thing -- check with NGF and they will give you a fair idea on how far people will travel to play there golf.

Jim Thompson

  • Karma: +0/-0
Re:Affordable Golf
« Reply #21 on: December 29, 2004, 04:51:34 PM »
Matt,

Now that I know where, geographically, I understand your conclusions.  I don't know what you do for a living, but you may want to move west and enjoy the numerous small time mom and pop classic courses that provide great service and genuine hospitality at very affordable rates!  You probably like their classic playing conditions as well.

Population density has led to many developers over saturating markets and trying to make the most they can in the present.  It is a shame they are not partnering with the developmental courses to facilitate the future players of the game.  Regrettably many are motivated only by greed.

I would assume the reason the private sector is not providing affordable golf in your area is property values, land acquisition, and property taxes.

A side note on the NGF data.  In our market it is rarely accurate as it is so skewed by the setting of greater density courses.
Jim Thompson

Joe Hancock

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Re:Affordable Golf
« Reply #22 on: December 29, 2004, 05:08:09 PM »

The ones that offer the CCFAD option make it a point to make Jersey the 8th most expensive place to play golf in the USA. That's a fact from the NGF.


Matt,

Take a guess what state has the highest median income in the US? Acording the US Census Bureau, year 2001-2003 averages, NJ is #1 on the list! So, to be only the 8th most expensive golf market, I'd say you're doing pretty good.

Joe
" What the hell is the point of architecture and excellence in design if a "clever" set up trumps it all?" Peter Pallotta, June 21, 2016

"People aren't picking a side of the fairway off a tee because of a randomly internally contoured green ."  jeffwarne, February 24, 2017

Tom_Doak

  • Karma: +3/-1
Re:Affordable Golf
« Reply #23 on: December 29, 2004, 05:41:44 PM »
I've said this before, so I apologize for the broken record, but architects have basically NO control over the affordability of golf.

Whether I spent $1 million building High Pointe or $5 million, what the owners can [and will] charge for playing it is based on the price of other courses in the area, and on what people in that area can afford.

If I spend $1 million building the same product, obviously, the owners are less likely to go bankrupt when they find out what the market will bear ... and obviously I have an interest in that, too.  But the price of a green fee will eventually find its own level no matter what the cost of construction was.

My own public designs include Quail Crossing at US$17 green fees and Cape Kidnappers at NZ$400.  The land cost of the two properties was way different, but the construction cost of the two golf courses was fairly comparable.

SB

  • Karma: +0/-0
Re:Affordable Golf
« Reply #24 on: December 29, 2004, 06:00:43 PM »
Matt,

I don't know exactly where you live, but how about these for affordable courses in Jersey:

North Jersey:
  The Meadows
   High Mountain
   Bunker Hill

South Jersey
   Rancocas
   Ramblewood
   Valleybrook

All are unglamorous, but are pretty decent and get the job done.   They may be more expensive than a course in Iowa on Saturday morning, but they've got to pay those great New Jersey taxes.  Hell, the liquor license alone costs a couple hundred grand vs. nothing here in Georgia.  Try going to any of those courses on a Tuesday afternoon - dirt cheap.

Sorry if they're not owned by a farmer, but the cost of doing business in your state and the value of the land killed the single farmer long ago.

Having owned and run a course in your state, your "robber baron" comment is way off the mark.  Affordable golf in your area is more expensive because it costs more to run the businsess.  A steak costs double in Jersey, why wouldn't golf?  Besides, compared to what I know a private club costs in NJ, $100 bucks a round is a steal.