Probably worth mentioning it's preferable to put the range in an open area to reduce needless clearing of trees.
Sometimes, there are outside factors affecting clubhouse location. In most areas, if they sell alcohol, they must be X feet from schools or churches. With night hours (or night lighting of the range) they may need some separation from existing housing.
Of course, a clubhouse from 12 noon to 6 on the imaginary clock face begins to set up a routing where you aren't looking into the sun as much.
Historically, high points were always used for the clubhouse. Some land planners now (to the degree anyone is building housing courses) like to reserve all ridges for residential lots, reasoning you can landscape the golf holes or range in the view corridor of the clubhouse to create an internal golf view that is satisfactory.
Some really like the 18th green below the clubhouse, as if people are really going to sit in the bar and watch near strangers play golf. A few years back, I lost a project in an interview when I pointed out that I preferred their new clubhouse align with a view down no. 1 fw, since the bunkers, etc. were designed to be viewed in that direction, whereas looking at the back slopes of the 18th weren't likely to be as attractive. And many years before that, I lost the Lower Makefield Highlands project by suggesting that the clubhouse should align down brand new 1st and 10th holes, a la Inverness to double the view. They couldn't accept that they could be far enough apart to be safe, thought I was nuts.