You can be lucky taking off towards the west/south-west out of Heathrow, you may well see some of Sunningdale, Swinley, Wentworth and the Berkshire. The usual approach route is along the Thames from Greenwich and you almost invariably pass right over Royal Mid-Surrey at low altitude. Taking off from Liverpool you head out over the Mersey estuary usually grabbing good views of Royal Liverpool and/or Wallasey. If your destination is on the continent you usually turn right over the Irish Sea beyond Liverpool (good views of the city) making landfall over West Lancs or Formby. Depending on your destination (and in the unlikely event that the weather is good and the skies are clear) you may get to see all those fine golf courses around north Leeds, or if you are flying to, say, Amsterdam you'll head out over the Norfolk coast with the likes of Hunstanton, Brancaster, Sheringham and Cromer in view (if some way below!). Flying from Manchester to the USA you usually get a good view of the many courses along the north-Wales coast unless you are already into or above the clouds. The weather has been so terrible recently that no golf courses are visible, you are already in the clouds before you have left the airport perimeter, so low are they.
Taking off for England from the new Madrid Airport you get good views of the several courses out in the vicinity of the Jarama race track.