Michael Moore,
In SH's and HC's case it would appear that the cause was related to unusual disputes.
In many, if not most cases, it's cyclical and usually connected to a group of neighborhood kids. When they discover girls or graduate the acts cease
Some clubs employ local off duty police officers after club hours to protect the course.
In this absurd legal environment, utilizing club staff to protect the golf course can put the club more at risk to litigation.
In one case I know of, the superintendent chased the kids, caught one going over the fence, grabbed his leg, he fell and broke his leg and the parent sued the club. The club settled.
So, here you have kids committing a crime, being chased and caught, but, the kid who was caught on the club's fence, fell outside of club property, broke his leg, sued and received an award.
Today, when off duty officers are retained, the party retaining them has to sign a release, releasing the town from liability for any acts, and placing the liability squarely on the shoulders of the party retaining the off duty police officers.
Good community relations are a key starting point to eliminating or minimizing vandalism.