Carl,
Good post.
Well, let me just reiterate what I feel is at the very heart of WHAT needs to be taught, although I appreciate that what you really want to get to is WHO and HOW to teach it. Anyway:
1) It is your responsibility to care about other people.
2) Understand that you benefit from all of this.
But moving on.....
WHO:
The simple but inconclusive answer is everyone, much as I've already suggested. I'm not usually one to avoid specific roles and responsibilities but I really don't believe it's ideal to be designating a specific 'pace of play' role to a specific member of staff, thereby apparently exonerating the rest of us from taking responsibility. Ultimately, it's cultural. And anything cultural, by definition, is defined by a collective of people that define a certain culture. So, every club pro, every club secretary and every junior organiser has a part to play but, more importantly, we all do.
HOW (and WHAT):
Formally and informally. If you're a junior organiser, repeatedly tell your kids NOT to take a lead from TV. Tell them NOT to take a lead from the middle aged men that constantly hold them up when they're out there with they're mates. Tell them to avoid turning into those selfish pr!cks if they can possibly help it. Tell them to call people through that catch them up and to equally EXPECT (yes, EXPECT) to be called through if they catch others up.
You asked me what advice I've given to beginners. The simple answer is that I've told them what the etiquette of the game entails. There's too much nonsense by way of initiatives which promote everything except what the Rules of Golf actually says about the subject. There's always someone or somebody trying to address the issue whilst simultaneously dodging it with some rubbish which doesn't make it clear to some people that their behaviour if unreasonable. The rules say:
It is a group’s responsibility to keep up with the group in front. If it loses a clear hole and it is delaying the group behind, it should invite the group behind to play through, irrespective of the number of players in that group. Where a group has not lost a clear hole, but it is apparent that the group behind can play faster, it should invite the faster moving group to play through.
Be Ready to Play
Players should be ready to play as soon as it is their turn to play. When playing on or near the putting green, they should leave their bags or carts in such a position as will enable quick movement off the green and towards the next tee. When the play of a hole has been completed, players should immediately leave the putting green.
Lost Ball
If a player believes his ball may be lost outside a water hazard or is out of bounds, to save time, he should play a provisional ball.
Players searching for a ball should signal the players in the group behind them to play through as soon as it becomes apparent that the ball will not easily be found.They should not search for five minutes before doing so. Having allowed the group behind to play through, they should not continue play until that group has passed and is out of range.
Sorry if simply quoting from the rule book seems a bit dull but teaching people this is just the same and as important as teaching them about any other section of the book. The common usage and acceptance of the above is all it takes. If that means slapping it up on every wall and every tee, so be it. We think, quite rightly, that it's perfectly reasonable to expect golfers to have some level of understanding of the other X number of pages but, quite inexplicably, we seem to think it's a bit of a push for people to grasp the one little bit I've quoted above.
Everyone teaches everyone else, thereby defining a culture. And it's no great stretch to have the marshal on the 1st tee at a public course make the situation absolutely clear to every golfer. It's only the fear of lost revenue that prevents this from happening and yet such concern is only short sighted since golfers are leaving the game in their droves due to the game taking too long. I actually once put that very section from the rule book up on each of the noticeboards at a particularly club I was working at. I hadn't added anything else to them, simply quoted from the very book which everyone should be aware of. Most people approved but a vocal minority complained, seemingly offended by the very notion that they were obliged to think of others. Someone lost their nerve and took the signs down.
But I digress.
To address your last point, I'm not sure I'm too well placed to give any specific fast play tips, simply because I don't really know any other way of playing. I struggle to understand how some people take so long. Certainly I've never had to make any effort to get around a golf course in three hours. It's just a natural pace. But, thinking about it, I suppose I have instilled in kids and beginners before the importance of being ready, not having more than one practice swing, being ready when it's not your turn, leaving your bag at the correct side of the green. Of course, just get out of people's way EVERY time you get caught up and you can take eight hours for all I care.
Further to that last point, and as I've already said before, it really isn't about fast or slow. It always has been, still is and always will be about respect for others. Like I said, fast or slow is ultimately only subjective and holding someone else up because you perceive yourself as fast doesn't make you any less selfish. Sorry I can't give any more conclusive an answer, or some sort of A,B,C on exact steps or specific people which produce an ideal outcome but, again, it's about a million and one little actions which go to define accepted norms of behaviours, accepted standards if you like.