I hear you JC, but I, respectfully, disagree. I think there are common threads.
I don't think a course can be great unless the land is great. And I don't mean ocean views. Rather I mean the opposite, in that you can't have a "great" course where the course isn't the primary focus. Think neighborhood golf courses where the housing and roads get all the good land and the golf course is left with garbage. I think a great architect can make something good out of this, but not great.
Also, I think you need a great team. From the owner, to the architect and his team, the club members, the greens committee, the super...all of them have to be focused with the same vision.
From there, I think you need to get the routing right. I think that is akin to getting the most out of the land. This is where every course will be different due to the obvious difference inherent in the land. But you need that thing to drain, you need to be aware of wind patterns, percipitation levels, soil types, etc.
I think there are more...but on those items I am certain they are key ingredients.
EDIT...I think these items can take years to get right. Think of CBM looking for the land to put the National on. Think C&C routing Sand Hills. Shoot, think how long it took for someone to pull the trigger on building a course in the Sand Hills. Mr. Dear's article said that he was aware of that area in the 70's, but it took to the late 90's to build Sand Hills.