Yes, a golf hole can go from great to crap if lengthening is done without consideration for strategic disconnects. This is especially so on holes that have specific features that come into play from certain tees and are completely out of play from other tees such as hazards, ridges, plateaus, corners of doglegs, etc. Par 4 and par 5 holes are naturally more susceptible to the disconnects.
There is a par 5 hole on the Old Course at the Homestead that had tees moved back 60 yards or so. This hole had a wonderful elevated tee shot across a valley to a plateau above a steep slope. The original back tees enabled strong hitters to clear the valley and reach the plateau and have a level lie for their next shot. The new back tee essentially made it impossible for anyone to clear the valley. Even the longest hitters would have their tee shots roll back down the bottom of the steep upslope. Almost all golfers faced the same dilemma from the new back tee, namely to hit a lofted iron over the rise. This is a strategic disconnect nullifying a great natural feature and creating a unity of results.
The same thing can happen at a dogleg hole where the tee shot has no hope of getting to or past the corner. On a treed hole, all the player can do is punch or hit a medium iron around the corner and then have a medium or short iron to the green. It seems most golfers have less of a problem with this sort of disconnect if it is a par 5, but they should since there becomes only way to play the hole and skill is not tested. This is true of the new tee on the 18th at Rolling Green. It isn't good to have the last hole leave such a poor impression.
If there is a nice diagonal bunker scheme or ridge line that becomes disconnected, the strategic design is lost and the hole invariably becomes boring.