What they'd debate about is probably all reflected in what they wrote about---eg distance problems, efficiencies of construction, strategic ramifications, interest, enjoyment and fun for the golfer and occasionally ramifications of challenge for the expert player on courses that were to be considered "championship" caliber etc, etc. They'd probably debate about the issue of fairness too, as they wrote about that too sometimes. What they'd debate about probably is little different than what we debate about today.
I was reading some Max Behr yesterday and what he wrote about in specific detail is exactly as if it was written yesterday. Frankly, it's spooky. It makes one realize the regulatory bodies will probably never really listen unless and until enough people begin to complain. So far, and for about the last one hundred years unfortunately that has just not happened.
It probably makes one realize an unattractive truth and something about which a Max Behr may've been wrong all along. It appears he thought the everyday golfer (most golfers) would really care about most of the things he wrote about. About the last seventy five years may've shown us that most golfers really don't care about much of anything---that the everyday golfer (most golfers) will pretty much accept whatever they're given in golf and in golf architecture.
And what was truly spooky is how accurately Behr wrote 75 years ago about the position of the ball and implement manufacturers that they didn't really care a damn about the game---only profit and hoodwinking the golfer into buying what they said was the latest and greatest particularly as it related to distance.
I think I can guarantee one thing with certainty though. If those old guys from the 1920s could see how far some of these expert players today are hitting all their clubs they would be totally horrified! If they could see that who would they blame? They'd probably blame people like C.B. Macdonald who spoke vociferously against standardization of equipment and who maintained there was never a distance problem in golf because the game was so hard anyway!