Mark,
I would have imagined using short holes for inspiration when building longer holes was a regular occurrence. But I'd also believe if this practice was common it would have been written about or discussed more regularly. Considering how often architects reference templates or other holes they took inspiration from, if a one shot template inspired a two shot hole it is conceivable they'd talk about it the same way and we'd have specific records of this occurring.
If you have a list of holes that are spoken in this way, or you presume were template inspired I'd very much like to take a look at what holes meet this criteria.
I understand the idea that a one shot hole allows the architect to dictate the distance and angle of an approach, If it the design was incorporated into a 2 shot hole, the ability to dictate that specific approach is lost. How you phrase it, it sounds to me that you don't believe that is a positive towards the design. I would very much disagree and believe that is a fantastic asset to the design.
Among all the accolades frequently used to describe Augusta National, two that I believe speak to this concept the best are:
A: Augusta National is an playable golf course for players of all ability, it is relatively easy for a player to steer their ball around the course without risking much or getting into much danger.
B: A player must hit the ball to specific locations in order to gain ideal angles towards hole location to capitalize on their scoring, but playing to these locations unsuccessfully may leave the player in dangerous positions that are hard to recover from.
So a player who's goal is to enjoy playing and not be bloodied can do so with ease, while a player who's goal is to go low must do so by playing close to the edge of destruction.
When we think of the great short holes in the game, one characteristic that is commonly found is an interesting and challenging putting surface that is typically on the smaller side & approach angles that are either well suited or poorly suited for such a green. For a one shot hole, the approach angles are dictated to us, while in a 2 shot hole the player has input into the required angle. In the best cases, the required approach angle is often dictated by the day's pin position. it seems that as the concept of a golf hole is lengthened too often this formula is flattened and dumbed down. The green become less severe, the angles less relevant or more acute, the options and playable interest less compelling. This is where I look back towards these great short holes and wonder why they are not used in this way more often, especially when building next level holes that are in the length of a half par hole.
Take for example my proposal of using the 10th at Riviera in the design of a par 5. Considering the location of the tee boxes and the angle of the green. If we presume that the tee box would be the architects preferred position to attack the green from, then a par 5 in which that position is on left edge of the driving zone would require the player to attempt to play their tee ball down the left to earn that angle for their second. Of course if a player is unsuccessful and loses their tee ball to the right, they would still be in the fairway, but with a compromised angle and would most likely choose to lay up with their second. Due to the design of the approach and the preferred approach angle laid out by the architect they have created a compelling drive without requiring the introduction of hazards. Now, if they chose to take the design a step forward. they could build a fairway bunker in the location of this preferred position and then extend the fairway line left of the bunker some 15 yards, or so. Now a player who is willing to take on the bunker and the left-hand edge of the fairway could leave themselves a second shot from a more ideal angle than the architects original preferred position while risking potentially hitting their drive into the bunker or the left rough. A player would also have the option to play short of the bunker, to still achieve the preferred playing angle, but with a longer second. While the more prudent player could play away from the bunker, towards the wide right side of the fairway, and steer their ball onto the green in 3.
This design would encourage the player to play towards the preferred positions, but only punish the aggressive player who failed to pull off the shot.