Perhaps it is different elsewhere, but in my 50 years in the game, I don't remember a course with bunkers that didn't have rakes. The closest was one in Arkansas where the owner and management company weren't on the same page and corners were cut on maintenance, with the bunkers taking much of the hit. The members solved the problem in the short run by rolling the ball to a smooth spot after testing for the amount of sand under the lie (some kept a rake in their personal cart), then bought the club for pennies and redid the bunkers.