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Tommy Williamsen

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William Herbert Fowler
« on: April 05, 2020, 10:45:12 AM »
On two of my trips to England I played courses designed mostly by Herbert Fowler (1856-1941). Bernard Darwin called Fowler, “the most daring and original designer of all time.” If I were to list my favorite designers, Fowler would be near the top of my list.

Fowler came to golf late in life. He was a cricketeer and didn’t begin to play golf until age 23 at Westward Ho!. He didn’t design his first course until he was in his forties. His first designs and the first Fowler courses I played are Walton Heath--Old and New. The Old may be his finest design, although the New is very similar. It just isn’t as stern a test. In addition, he designed, and I played, both courses at  The Berkshire: Red and Blue, Saunton East(and an early version of Saunton West), a complete redesign of Old Tom’s Royal North Devon, Beau Desert, Delamere Forest,and Bull Bay. His designs require the player to strategize his way around the course. Brute strength can get you in trouble.

Beau Desert and The Berkshire (Red and Blue) are built on similar hilly heathland terrain.  The others have terrain all their own. His routings verge on genius. He utilizes the natural terrain brilliantly, but he is not constricted by it. He is one of the few architects that cannot be typed. Each course is a fresh canvas. He rarely uses the same theme twice. He will route the course so some holes are uphill, downhill, along the side of a hill, a blind shot over a hill or knob to knob. Rarely do two holes go the same direction in a row. If they do, the terrain will make the player hit different kind of shots.

If there is one consistency in his design it is his penchant for straight holes and making knob to knob par threes and short par fours.  The ninth at Beau Desert is a perfect example of a great short par four. It is only about 260 yards knob to knob. It begs and entices the player to drive the green. There are devilishly placed bunkers short and left but there is also a green patch of fairway up the right side. Miss the green and you have a tricky long bunker shot. If the tee ball misses on the right, it will trickle down the hill and leave the player with a testy little uphill shot to an undulating green. Hit the green or a greenside bunker and you’re looking at birdie.

His bunkering varies from course to course.  At Bull Bay in northwest Wales, he only built ten bunkers. He didn’t need anymore. He routed the land through and over rock outcroppings and gorse bushes.  He does, however, utilize cross-bunkers more than most but wanted an avenue fronting the green. In addition, he liked his bunkers flashed up so that the ball would generally roll to the bottom of the trap. And at Bull Bay he used rock outcroppings as fairway hazards instead of cross-bunkers.  For instance, at Bull Bay the tee shot at #2 is blind to a fairway that has a rock outcropping in the middle of the fairway that can fling a tee shot left or right. You couldn’t get away with it today, but it is great fun. The 325-yard eighth hole may be one of the most unusual holes I have ever played. It is almost impossible to describe but here goes. The tee is on high ground and is a downhill shot.  The player is faced with two options: hit a tee shot about 180 yards down the hill over gorse bushes short of a little stream. That will leave the player with an uphill blind shot of about 150 yards over a rocky hill to a smallish green. The other option is to risk hitting a driver over that rocky hill to a fairway on the same level. That will leave the player some 100 yards to the green.  I could have played that hole all day and never have tired of it. Obviously, he is not afraid to try something different. 

Unfortunately, most of his designs are in England and Wales. Regrettably, I have played only two of his USA courses: Eastward Ho!and Los Angeles CC North (built by George

Thomas, who also did a redesign and recently renovated by Gil Hanse). There is very little of Fowler left at LACC.

Photo tours of Fowler Courses I have played by Sean Arble, Mark Rowlinson, Ran, and one by me.

Bull Bay 
https://www.golfclubatlas.com/forum/index.php/topic,37494.msg1179748.html#msg1179748

The Berkshire Blue
https://www.golfclubatlas.com/forum/index.php/topic,66368.0.html

Beau Desert
https://www.golfclubatlas.com/forum/index.php/topic,30965.0.html

Delamere Forest
https://www.golfclubatlas.com/forum/index.php/topic,31314.0.html

https://www.golfclubatlas.com/forum/index.php/topic,31331.0.html

https://www.golfclubatlas.com/forum/index.php/topic,42989.0.html

Saunton East
https://www.golfclubatlas.com/forum/index.php/topic,51415.0.html

Saunton West
https://www.golfclubatlas.com/forum/index.php/topic,66490.0.html

Walton Heath New
https://www.golfclubatlas.com/forum/index.php/topic,60107.msg1420813.html#msg1420813

Walton Heath Old
https://www.golfclubatlas.com/forum/index.php/topic,61415.msg1460548.html#msg1460548

Royal North Devon (Westward Ho!)
https://golfclubatlas.com/courses-by-country/england/royal-north-devon

https://www.golfclubatlas.com/forum/index.php/topic,66480.0.html

https://www.golfclubatlas.com/forum/index.php/topic,54567.0.html

Eastward Ho!
https://golfclubatlas.com/courses-by-country/usa/eastward-ho

LACC North
https://golfclubatlas.com/courses-by-country/usa/los-angeles-country-club
« Last Edit: April 05, 2020, 10:53:23 AM by Tommy Williamsen »
Where there is no love, put love; there you will find love.
St. John of the Cross

"Deep within your soul-space is a magnificent cathedral where you are sweet beyond telling." Rumi

MCirba

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Re: William Herbert Fowler
« Reply #1 on: April 05, 2020, 11:23:39 AM »
Tommy,
George Crump and friends who developed Pine Valley were great admirers of the design philosphies of Herbert Fowler.   This from an article discovered some years back by Joe Bausch;


"Persistence and determination alone are omnipotent" - Calvin Coolidge

https://cobbscreek.org/

Peter Pallotta

Re: William Herbert Fowler
« Reply #2 on: April 05, 2020, 11:31:04 AM »
Thank you, Tommy - an excellent idea, and the perfect candidate for a 'pinned' thread.
I remember many of these profiles so well, and have been dipping into them again now.
What I so like about Fowler (from afar, but guided by those who have played his courses) is that he seems to pack in so much 'architecture' while drawing so little attention to the 'design' (or to himself). His courses are obviously very well 'conceived' yet don't look too 'planned'. There's an architect's 'consciousness' there, clearly, but little 'self consciousness'.
He hides his theories in the dirt, and covers his tracks so well.     


Thomas Dai

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Re: William Herbert Fowler
« Reply #3 on: April 05, 2020, 11:38:45 AM »
Excellent start to a thread Tommy.

There’s an In My Opinion piece herein about Fowler and Bradford GC written by John Beaumont that’s worth reading -
https://golfclubatlas.com/in-my-opinion/herbert-fowler-and-the-bradford-golf-club/

There’s also a piece about him written by Adam in his GCA magazine a few years ago -
https://www.golfcoursearchitecture.net/content/herbert-fowler-the-gilded-gentleman

In addition to those courses you mention I would add Yelverton in Devon, which is terrific and which Sean has also written a course tour of - Yelverton -https://www.golfclubatlas.com/forum/index.php/topic,48487.msg1092732.html#msg1092732

He also upgraded Southerndown in South Wales - course tour - https://www.golfclubatlas.com/forum/index.php/topic,47489.0.html

There’s also the RAC near London. I can’t locate the photo tour just now but I recall Sean doing one.

Others to consider include North Foreland in Kent - no tour but here’s the website - https://www.northforeland.co.uk/ - and Cooden Beach in Sussex, again no photo tour - https://www.coodenbeachgc.com/

As to Saunton, what’s there now isn’t unfortunately what Fowler created. It’s use as a military training area during during WW2 saw to that. What’s there now is splendid but I doubt it there’s much if any of what Fowler once created now remaining.

I’m sure there are others that I’ve omitted.

And then there’s his partnership with Simpson and maybe earlier with others. This might get complicated with ‘who did what’ so I’ll leave this area for others to comment on!

Fowler’s work is very underrated in my opinion and he and his work deserve to be much better known than they are. He doesn't seem to have had a particular style, other than letting the lie of the land dictate as much as possible, but what he did that I've seen has been very impressive and challenging yet enjoyable to play.

Atb
« Last Edit: April 05, 2020, 11:48:12 AM by Thomas Dai »

Tommy Williamsen

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Re: William Herbert Fowler
« Reply #4 on: April 05, 2020, 11:52:20 AM »
Thanks Thomas. I didn't realize that Fowler worked on Southerndown. It must have been a difficult site to work on. I thoroughly enjoyed the course. And the gorse was in bloom when I played it so it was also stunningly beautiful.
Where there is no love, put love; there you will find love.
St. John of the Cross

"Deep within your soul-space is a magnificent cathedral where you are sweet beyond telling." Rumi

Thomas Dai

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Re: William Herbert Fowler
« Reply #5 on: April 05, 2020, 11:55:58 AM »
Thanks Thomas. I didn't realize that Fowler worked on Southerndown. It must have been a difficult site to work on. I thoroughly enjoyed the course. And the gorse was in bloom when I played it so it was also stunningly beautiful.


Southerndown is indeed terrific and that's Welsh gorse there to Tommy, so undoubtedly an extra, extra, extra special variety!!! :) :)
atb

Tom_Doak

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Re: William Herbert Fowler
« Reply #6 on: April 05, 2020, 02:03:52 PM »
Fowler is indeed underrated.  In thinking back to when I've played his courses, I have thought less than normal about who the architect was or what he was trying to do, and just enjoyed the golf.


But I would also say, that's probably WHY Fowler is underrated.  This is a tough business for someone to succeed at while maintaining a low profile.  Dr. MacKenzie was seen by some of his fellow designers as thirsty for attention in his early days, and it's true -- but he did not have the name of Braid or the connections of Fowler or Colt to deliver a steady stream of work to his door.MacKenzie was known in his early days for (a) winning the Country Life competition and (b) his outlandish Mackenzie greens.  But at least he was known!


One contribution of Fowler's that has not been mentioned yet:  the 18th hole at Pebble Beach.

jeffwarne

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Re: William Herbert Fowler
« Reply #7 on: April 05, 2020, 02:19:27 PM »
Fowler is indeed underrated.  In thinking back to when I've played his courses, I have thought less than normal about who the architect was or what he was trying to do, and just enjoyed the golf.


But I would also say, that's probably WHY Fowler is underrated.  This is a tough business for someone to succeed at while maintaining a low profile.  Dr. MacKenzie was seen by some of his fellow designers as thirsty for attention in his early days, and it's true -- but he did not have the name of Braid or the connections of Fowler or Colt to deliver a steady stream of work to his door.MacKenzie was known in his early days for (a) winning the Country Life competition and (b) his outlandish Mackenzie greens.  But at least he was known!


One contribution of Fowler's that has not been mentioned yet:  the 18th hole at Pebble Beach.


I'm a little embarrassed to admit how many Fowler courses I've played, where I didn't know it was Fowler until long after I played it.(usually reading about it here) I think some of this in due in part to how times older courses are tweaked and refined later in their lives by other architects, and in part due to my curiousity primarily being about the course itself, not the architectural rabbit hole it can become when determining pedigree and credit.
Underrated indeed.
« Last Edit: April 05, 2020, 08:48:58 PM by jeffwarne »
"Let's slow the damned greens down a bit, not take the character out of them." Tom Doak
"Take their focus off the grass and put it squarely on interesting golf." Don Mahaffey

Mike Bodo

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Re: William Herbert Fowler
« Reply #8 on: April 05, 2020, 02:29:17 PM »
I would argue that the reason Fowler isn't held in the same regard as peers Mackenzie, MacDonald, Colt, Allison, Park, Raynor, Ross, Tillinghast, etc. is due to his lack of work in America and impact on American golf. Fairly or unfairly, we tend to revere the British archies that played the biggest role in bringing and popularizing the game here than we do those that had very little impact. Had Fowler done more work in the U.S. and or internationally, for that matter, he would probably be discussed more in the same breath as those held in higher esteem. This by no means diminishes the value of his work or contributions to the enrichment and enjoyment of the game - especially in the U.K., but he tends to be overlooked for the aforementioned reasons.
"90% of all putts left short are missed." - Yogi Berra

Tom_Doak

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Re: William Herbert Fowler
« Reply #9 on: April 05, 2020, 03:43:39 PM »
I would argue that the reason Fowler isn't held in the same regard as peers Mackenzie, MacDonald, Colt, Allison, Park, Raynor, Ross, Tillinghast, etc. is due to his lack of work in America and impact on American golf. Fairly or unfairly, we tend to revere the British archies that played the biggest role in bringing and popularizing the game here than we do those that had very little impact. Had Fowler done more work in the U.S. and or internationally, for that matter, he would probably be discussed more in the same breath as those held in higher esteem. This by no means diminishes the value of his work or contributions to the enrichment and enjoyment of the game - especially in the U.K., but he tends to be overlooked for the aforementioned reasons.




That's certainly partially true.  But, we all know that James Braid was an architect, and he didn't work internationally at all, because he hated sea travel.  Of course, we know his name for other reasons, too.


Willie Park is another example:  he even did a fair amount of work in America, and he was highly respected by his peers, but his architectural work is not well known today.  He just didn't self-promote as much as others did.

Mike Bodo

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Re: William Herbert Fowler
« Reply #10 on: April 05, 2020, 04:30:54 PM »
Willie Park is another example:  he even did a fair amount of work in America, and he was highly respected by his peers, but his architectural work is not well known today.  He just didn't self-promote as much as others did.
Tom, you being a Michigander like myself, Park is probably more revered amongst Michigan GCA'ers than perhaps most other parts of the U.S. given his work and impact on golf in the state, e.g. Meadowbrook, Flint and Battle Creek Country Clubs, just to name a few. While perhaps not considered Championship courses, anyone that's played them will attest to the greatness of their routing, design and playability.


If there is anything that works against Park its his lack of Championship courses. I mean, outside of Olympia Fields has a U.S. Open, PGA Championship or even a regular PGA Tour even ever been held on one of his courses? I don't believe so. I believe a PGA Tour event was once played on Meadowbrook decades ago, but that's it. Part of Parks problem was that he designed a lot of fantastic unheralded tracks that were great for everyday member play, but often lacked the length and acreage needed to hold or host a major championship or tour event. Perhaps he didn't do as effective a job promoting himself as some of his peers, but when you look at the number of courses he designed in the U.S. and elsewhere, the guy was always busy and didn't lack for work.
« Last Edit: April 05, 2020, 04:34:35 PM by Mike Bodo »
"90% of all putts left short are missed." - Yogi Berra

Nigel Islam

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Re: William Herbert Fowler
« Reply #11 on: April 05, 2020, 04:39:30 PM »
Fowler of course did a lot of work on Pebble Beach as well as the Del Monte course.

Thomas Dai

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Re: William Herbert Fowler
« Reply #12 on: April 05, 2020, 05:07:52 PM »
In comparison to some other architects, players and influencers of the time, and I guess before and since, Fowler didn’t seem to author that much himself, no books or major articles that I’m aware of, although I’d be happy to be corrected, especially if I could be pointed in the direction of his texts. And printed works tend to enhance the reputation of the writer maybe even more so as the decades pass.


As to his work in the US, I was listening to a most interesting Podcast by Connor Lewis and Sean Tully recently that was essentially about Alister MacKenzie but at some stage in the discussion Sean T mentioned about Fowler being in the area of what became the Meadow Clubs course some years before MacKenzie. It’s possible that I may have misunderstood this comment but I thought I’d mention it anyhow. Did anyone else listen to the Podcast and if so what’s their recollection of this part of the discussion?


Atb

Tom_Doak

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Re: William Herbert Fowler
« Reply #13 on: April 05, 2020, 05:10:48 PM »

If there is anything that works against Park its his lack of Championship courses. I mean, outside of Olympia Fields has a U.S. Open, PGA Championship or even a regular PGA Tour even ever been held on one of his courses? I don't believe so.




I don't think the status of having built a course for a major is quite as important to one's legacy as most people assume.  I mean, Ralph Plummer and Mike Hurdzan have done it, but Seth Raynor and Tom Fazio have not.  [Pete Dye only built three, for that matter.]


I understand your point, and I know that TV exposure is critical to becoming famous in America.  But just because Jimmy Roberts hasn't done a three-minute vignette about a designer doesn't mean he is condemned to anonymity.  Legacies have a longer time scale than fame.


P.S.  Dr. MacKenzie only built one course that has ever hosted a major championship.  Luckily for his legacy, it hosts one every year.







Mike Bodo

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Re: William Herbert Fowler
« Reply #14 on: April 05, 2020, 05:48:24 PM »
P.S.  Dr. MacKenzie only built one course that has ever hosted a major championship.  Luckily for his legacy, it hosts one every year.
Given the cumulative changes over the year's to the original Mackenzie layout, is it even fair to attribute ANGC's current design to him? To me there's so little of his original design elements left that he wouldn't recognize the course were he alive today. I may be off-base, but I don't think I'm alone in this regard. I suppose you could argue that the bones of the course is still Mackenzie, but the majority of the original design elements and features he wanted to emphasize are gone.
"90% of all putts left short are missed." - Yogi Berra

Edward Glidewell

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Re: William Herbert Fowler
« Reply #15 on: April 05, 2020, 09:41:19 PM »
Given the cumulative changes over the year's to the original Mackenzie layout, is it even fair to attribute ANGC's current design to him? To me there's so little of his original design elements left that he wouldn't recognize the course were he alive today. I may be off-base, but I don't think I'm alone in this regard. I suppose you could argue that the bones of the course is still Mackenzie, but the majority of the original design elements and features he wanted to emphasize are gone.


The routing is Mackenzie at the very least, which is fairly significant.

Mike Bodo

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Re: William Herbert Fowler
« Reply #16 on: April 05, 2020, 10:18:21 PM »
The routing is Mackenzie at the very least, which is fairly significant.
Agreed, which in my mind correlates to "the bones" of the course.
"90% of all putts left short are missed." - Yogi Berra

Tom_Doak

  • Karma: +3/-1
Re: William Herbert Fowler
« Reply #17 on: April 05, 2020, 11:23:19 PM »

Given the cumulative changes over the year's to the original Mackenzie layout, is it even fair to attribute ANGC's current design to him? To me there's so little of his original design elements left that he wouldn't recognize the course were he alive today. I may be off-base, but I don't think I'm alone in this regard. I suppose you could argue that the bones of the course is still Mackenzie, but the majority of the original design elements and features he wanted to emphasize are gone.


Maybe, but that's way off topic for this thread.

Sean_A

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Re: William Herbert Fowler
« Reply #18 on: April 06, 2020, 03:08:46 AM »
Fowler was an enigma. He came from a family of means, but wasn't business savvy. He was a pioneer of an architectural school largely dominated by Oxbridge men and didn't attend university. He took up the career as a designer much later in life than his peers. Fowler was not far off 50 when WHO was completed. While nominally part of the new design breed, he stands well apart in terms of aesthetics and somewhat apart in placement of hazards. Fowler's works are not at all easily identifiable as his. Fowler didn't write much so he did not promote himself much. Instead of leaving a career to pursue design, Fowler attaches himself to Walton Heath as the Managing Director until his death. He was also the club secretary, all while trying to carry on a design career.

I don't have much of a sense for Fowler as a man, but I have time for his designs!

BTW...we shouldn't forget Blackwell. I remain convinced that if the course is ever properly restored that people will see it for the excellent design it is.

Ciao
« Last Edit: April 06, 2020, 03:22:38 AM by Sean_A »
New plays planned for 2024: Nothing

Adam Lawrence

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Re: William Herbert Fowler
« Reply #19 on: April 06, 2020, 06:57:19 AM »
People don't like to admit these things about their heroes but the evidence is that Fowler was a bit thick. His brother was an Oxford man, but he didn't attend university (or even a top public school), which surprised me when I found it out, given his background. To say he wasn't business-savvy as Sean does is something of an understatement -- he was a business disaster, who, if Cosmo Bonsor hadn't had the idea of converting Walton Heath to golf, would have had to file for bankruptcy, in those days much more serious than it is now. He fell into golf design because he had very few options as to what else he could do at that point, but he kept investing in some seriously unprepossessing ventures, as obscure as seal hunting. He became a director of the San Antonio and Pecos Valley Railway Company just before WW1, God knows how. Fortunately for him, he proved to be very good at the profession he found by accident.


A lot of my views on Fowler the designer have been influenced by Sean Arble. I don't think there has ever been a major architect who was less tied to any signature aesthetic or style. At Beau Desert, he built some really quite severe greens; at Delamere Forest at almost the same time, he built one of the quietest sets of greens you will ever see on a course of such quality. For most of his career, he built relatively simple bunkers; late on, at the Berkshire, he embraced a full on lacy edge, perhaps under the influence of his partner Simpson (but we should note that there is no evidence at all of Simpson ever setting foot on the Berkshire property during construction....


He was an enigma.
Adam Lawrence

Editor, Golf Course Architecture
www.golfcoursearchitecture.net

Principal, Oxford Golf Consulting
www.oxfordgolfconsulting.com

Author, 'More Enduring Than Brass: a biography of Harry Colt' (forthcoming).

Short words are best, and the old words, when short, are the best of all.

Tommy Williamsen

  • Karma: +0/-0
Re: William Herbert Fowler
« Reply #20 on: April 06, 2020, 10:33:43 AM »
Given his precarious situation I find it fascinating the he had become a member of both the R&A and the Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers.

Do we know what RND was like before Fowler made his complete do over? I know the course started from near where the third hole is today, but not much beyond that.
Where there is no love, put love; there you will find love.
St. John of the Cross

"Deep within your soul-space is a magnificent cathedral where you are sweet beyond telling." Rumi

Sven Nilsen

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Re: William Herbert Fowler
« Reply #21 on: April 06, 2020, 11:58:42 AM »

Willie Park is another example:  he even did a fair amount of work in America, and he was highly respected by his peers, but his architectural work is not well known today.  He just didn't self-promote as much as others did.


Your understanding of Park is a bit flawed.  He did more than a "fair amount of work" here, especially if you consider the bulk of that work occurred during a fairly short 8 to 9 year window.  And he advertised his own work and self-promoted as much as the next guy.  Willie Park - Golf Course Architect ads were regular features in the trades from 1919 to 1924.


If anything, Park may not be as widely known because his career was interrupted by his premature death.


With respect to Fowler, part of the conversation should focus on his forays into California in the early 1920's.  At the time he was considered an "eminent" expert, and was following on Park's coattails with his own self promotion.  He lined up a good bit of work during a short period of time, but many of the projects never came to fruition. 
"As much as we have learned about the history of golf architecture in the last ten plus years, I'm convinced we have only scratched the surface."  A GCA Poster

"There's the golf hole; play it any way you please." Donald Ross

BCrosby

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Re: William Herbert Fowler
« Reply #22 on: April 06, 2020, 12:07:52 PM »
Adam -


Speaking of bad business judgement, I learned recently that Fowler was an investor in (and was on the board of) the British Haskell company a couple of years before its UK patent was lost.


Bob

John Mayhugh

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Re: William Herbert Fowler
« Reply #23 on: April 06, 2020, 02:02:00 PM »
I'm a big fan of Fowler's work. So much variety.

I need to do a photo tour of his Del Monte course. I thought it was pretty clever, even if cramped/dangerous in a few spots. Also, if there's not one of Bull Bay, that's really a scenic spot with some terrific holes.



Tom_Doak

  • Karma: +3/-1
Re: William Herbert Fowler
« Reply #24 on: April 06, 2020, 02:26:05 PM »

Willie Park is another example:  he even did a fair amount of work in America, and he was highly respected by his peers, but his architectural work is not well known today.  He just didn't self-promote as much as others did.

Your understanding of Park is a bit flawed.  He did more than a "fair amount of work" here, especially if you consider the bulk of that work occurred during a fairly short 8 to 9 year window.  And he advertised his own work and self-promoted as much as the next guy.  Willie Park - Golf Course Architect ads were regular features in the trades from 1919 to 1924.



I was aware of all that, I just understated it a bit in my comparison.


Also, importantly, advertising and self-promotion are not the same thing.  Many famous architects have made a career out of befriending or sucking up to golf writers, or administrators, or rich potential clients.  I don't have the impression that Willie Park was into that.