I have found myself far more worked up about this than I would care to be. So I'll get it off my chest and move on...
A) Intent? The intent was obvious in the action. No interview required. This is a Rule 1-2 call, plain and simple, and no amount of mental gymnastics can make it anything else. What is the highest spirit of the game of golf? Play the ball as it lies. However, there is a principle that comes before even that: allow the shot, once struck, to come to rest. We can debate whether Phil's intent was to protest/catcall/embarrass the USGA or not. But the intent of the action was to stop the progress of a shot struck. That is NOT up for debate.
B) Penalty. DQ. How can there be any question to this? Not a 14-5 issue. Rule 1-2. A SERIOUS breach of rules and etiquette. The USGA is a farcical organization run by amateurs. Did their management of the golf course suck? Yes, it did. But the impotence of their failure to address a clear seminal moment in terms of respect for the game's rules, etiquette, comport and spirit is even more pathetic. Because of it, more rules will need to be re-written. What are we going to tell junior golfers who now believe that Phil's inane "strategy" is actually a viable one? That situation is coming - maybe it occurred in a tournament yesterday. But mark my words, this is going to spill over.
C) Character (on the stage of golf). In his masterful poem, The Circus Animals' Desertion, Yeats wrote of "character isolated by a deed/to engross the present and dominate memory." Phil Mickelson demonstrated exactly why he has never and will never be the U.S. Open champion. I think the U.S. Open is silly golf, personally, run by a silly, self-important and antiquated organization. BUT that's the same that it's ever been, and if Phil wanted to protest that, he should have done what he did, then picked the ball up, shaken Johnston's hand and retired to the clubhouse. THAT would have been a protest. So the USGA creates a psychological rubric and uses its armchair hack approach to torment the best golfers in the world. You know that when you pay the entry fee. You enter the den, and the most mentally tough and resilient player of the week more often than not emerges to take the trophy. Phil Mickelson is not and will not ever be the most mentally tough and resilient player.
Does golf matter? I don't know. I've spent the better part of my life attempting to serve the game and what I perceive to be its highest ideals through study, writing and working with facilities and golfing communities. Those ideals are fellowship, striving, growth, redemption and appreciation of the the beauty of open spaces and quality people. And sometimes I get the feeling that we're just a bunch of poodles at a dog show. Other times - when a member comes to me and tells me that he and his son will never forget finishing up at Cabot Cliffs as the sun sinks into the Gulf of St. Lawrence, or a wife who is dying of cancer tells me - with her husband at her side - that she lies in her hospital bed and thinks of the view from Dornoch. Or maybes especially when a kid in a muni clinic lights up after getting the ball airborne for the first time. In those moments, I can believe it matters. What Phil did doesn't change any of that. He was just collapsing under a greater weight - the way all erosion begins.
Golf, like life, isn't about perfection. It's about the pursuit of ideals. Step up, Phil, if you have it in you. This game has humbled all of us. Drop the bullshit about taking advantage of an option provided by the rules and admit your shortcoming. Then get on with your telling of the greatest tale of all: redemption.