Jeff,
You seem to be arguing that because one change over 160 years ago was good for the game, then we must also embrace all other changes - no matter how silly or rapidly paced - as also being good for the game. I don't buy that logic. Some changes benefit the game, some don't. And in a game steeped in tradition and constrained by its courses, constant willy-nilly tinkering risks a destabilizing impact.
Golf was extraordinarily expensive in the time of the feathery. Reportedly, a single ball could cost as much as golf club, and they sometimes only lasted 2 rounds, and featheries fell apart when they got wet. In Scotland. The "golf manufacturers" at the time - like Robertson - resisted the change because they made money off the feathery, regardless of what was good for the game. Same story with the Haskell fifty years later. The manufacturers of the time - the pros who produced/sold the guttie - resisted the change because they were making money off the guttie. They also resisted because the ball was of much greater benefit to the masses that it was to the top golfers, which is the opposite scenario as with the ball changes that have so screwed up the game today.
As for innovations that came from outside of golf, I fail to see the relevance. The Haskell was created by a golfer, but one who worked for a rubber company, not a golf equipment company.