I have a very long list of courses that would fall into this category. Few would be considered good design, but for me, that is not always the point of playing golf. While I love architecture and design, I also play for the camaraderie and just to be outdoors.
1. Merrick Park GC (NY) - 9 holer on LI where I played sometimes as a kid, and where my Dad (not a big golfer until he retired) is part of the first group out more often than not (year round). I have no idea what the fee currently is, because my Dad's buddy insists on getting me the senior resident rate (even though I am 36 and live in OH), which I think peaks at $9.75. The course is on an inlet, next to an old garbage dump, but has some pretty views out into the bay, over towards Jones Beach. The guys that play there are right out of central casting. When I go back home, I look forward to playing here as much as with my HS buddies that have joined nice LI clubs. Pretty much anywhere I can play with my Dad becomes my favorite course.
2. Indian Springs GC (OH) - about 30 minutes West of Dublin, OH. Really neat course designed by Jack Kidwell, who has done some nice stuff in central OH. The property is more interesting than you would ever expect - it has some rolling hills and a bit of elevation change, although it is surrounded by dead-flat farmland. I have never paid over $30 to play here, and I really enjoy it.
A few others, which would be better known to the gca crowd...
3. Bethpage Green (NY) - $43 max fee. Yes, it is likely to take >5 hours, but I do love this golf course.
4. Granville GC (OH) - $42 to walk a terrific Donald Ross.
5. Balboa Park GC (CA) - $40 max. We all know about Torrey Pines, and many also know Coronado. Balboa is another pretty darn good city course in San Diego.