Same as any other activity: sight, smell, sound, touch, and taste.
Sight: The visual image of your best shots will stay with you forever; then there are the shots that are so bad you have to turn away before they land because you can't stand to watch.
Smell: Flowering plants and budding trees, freshly-mown grass; ocean air if you're lucky, that blue-green crap they spray on the fairways and greens if you're not.
Sound: You don't have to be Johnny Miller to tell the difference between the sound of a well-hit shot and one that's a groove or two off. The dreadful sound of your ball not just brushing leaves but hitting a branch, hard; the wonderful sound of a shot hitting the flagstick and dropping into the cup from off the green.
Touch: Grips getting slick, new shoes causing a blister, every joint in the body aching; fist bump from a partner when you finally make a putt to win a hole.
Taste: First sip of beer after the round.