Adam
In simple terms, one is qualitative and the other quantitative.
For example the quantitative approach might be what you would call a one dimensional penal course with very narrow fairways, thick rough and other gunge flanking the fairways and relatively long to par ie. very hard to score on.
The qualitative approach might be best illustrated by considering a Dr MacKenzie course with it's alternative route where the hacker can, if he wishes, readily avoid the trouble by taking a safer route, or alternatively take on some of the challenges, such as diagonal hazards for instance, in the hope of getting a better score. He may well end up with as high a score as he would have had on the first course but I suspect he'd have had a lot more fun on the second, with it's more interesting and varied challenges.
Niall