SBJ,
I've twice typed lengthy replies to your query and lost them so unfortunately (or maybe fortunately for the readers) now I must be terse. If I do that again I may never return...
As on the Hawaii thread, you're there for a vacation in a terrific natural venue and golf should be secondary. The courses are not on a par with the scenery they're found in. Do some fun stuff like rafting the Eagle or the Colorado, hiking, ballooning, riding the gondola, let the kids climb the climbing wall at Lionshead a million times, Ford Park/Amphiteatre, etc.
With two days for golf in the Vail area, return to Breckenridge and play the 27 holes there, and if you have the access and the $$$$ play Red Sky Norman per Matt Ward's advice (it just opened and I haven't played it). Breck is the best course in the area by a margin IMO. If you don't have access there and do have access to Cordillera and $$$$ play Cordillera Valley (Fazio), which is good but could have been better on that land in my unBIASed view. Cordillera Summit (Nicklaus) is not Cordillera Mountain (Irwin). The latter is bad mountain goat golf.
If you don't have access or $$$$ then it's Sonnenalp, Beaver Creek or Eagle Ranch. I ahven't played Eagle Ranch but have heard some decent comments for what that's worth. Sonnenalp could be anywhere. I'd play Beaver Creek for more of a mountain experience. I liked it better the last time though the first couple of downhill holes are goofy iron layups short of a creek.
I don't know Cotton Ranch or the courses in Glenwood Spgs.
Under all circumstances skip Copper Creek, Vail Municipal and Eagle Vail. Do not drive to Grand Junction/Delta. It's too far for a day trip when you are on a vacation.
Do play Eagle Vail par 3 with your kids, it's actually quite good. They should have had the same designer do the 18 hole course.
There's more I could say and did say but I'm outta time. I prefer Vail/Beaver Creek in the summer than the winter and think you will too. Have a great trip.