I'm not a good player by any stretch of the imagination. But, in the same vane as what was said, that I know it when I see it....
I think strategy and the queston of if a golf course design is a good one that employs good opportunities for strategy, the quality lies in the presentation of obvious and subtle intentions based on the routing and array of features and use of width and contour and slopes as a multiple choice. The choices shouldn't necessarily be made by the notion of the best way to get in the hole in the lowest number as an absolute, if it is thought of as stroke play. I think it should start from the notion of match play, where players of different skill sets, with handicap considerations have an array of options that they can imagine, and that they can consider their chances with their known ability to play the intended shot. The actual shot is always in some doubt, for even the best player. But, the best designed courses parcel out the percentages, based on intention to imagine the shot, and likelihood of pulling it off and consequences of the missed intention. The ground game along with contours should be available to both types of players in a match play situation, where the higher handicap can imagine and intend a particular outcome to the attempted shots, that may not be the same risk reward ratio as the good player, who may not only be able to hit it further, but can control spin and stopping approaches better, to get a better chance at making a putt, yet consider the higher handi gets a stroke.
I judge good GCA by how many reasonable intentions in any given conditions my mind can conjure up to keep up in a match with a better player (almost anyone) and still have fun trying to pull off the intention with an actual shot that can keep me in the game. None of that "hit it here or else, hit it there, rinse-repeat" as someone above said.
I'll bet that the best players who never played Royal Melbourne prior, had their appreciation for the design go up by the day, as the conditions changed, and their intentions were altered and with repeated exposure, saw new options and stimulated newly considered intentions, the more they became familiar with the track. Their actual shots were the fun part to see if they could match their intentions that changed from day to day.