Mark and Chipoat,
First, great thread and discussion. The kind I, at least, look for on this site. As someone noted on the "prevailing wind" thread, many here do not appear to feel comfortable enough to discuss specific holes or concepts, but get into a pissing contest (I imagine the prevailing wind knowledge WOULD come in handy there) about specific architects, etc.
Chip (if I may call you that)
I believe Mr. Doak in anatomy of a golf course states your position. Pete Dye agrees with you, too. He and I discussed this at length one morning, and (as of 1995) he said he had started bunkering "inside"-"inside" to counteract the good players distance and control, leaving the open route for the shorter hitter.
I call the inside-outside bunkering shown in the photo at the top of the thread the "position paradox" bunkering, where the golfer really, really (insert your own number of really's here) wants to/needs to carry the bunker off the tee to complete the hole successfully. While I think it is the purest form of strategy, I agree that it does give the long hitter too much of an advantage. As you point out, he already has an advantage. And when the average golfer asks "what if I can't carry the bunker?" I have never found the answer "You're screwed" to sit well to the inquirer.
This is the probably reason for the "demise of the carry bunker" in modern architecture relative to its use in the golden age. We have generally moved to the "inside"-"inside" bunkering to provide a "golfers choice" hole, with two equally valid options, based on the strengths of the player's game.
There are a few other factors to consider.....I agree with what Tom Doak said here once about "good players being too conservative, and average players being too aggressive" and think it factors into the design equation. The odd part is that Paul Pro would more likely than not play a conservative tee shot safely wide of the bunker he could carry with all but his worst shot, and Andy ametuer would likely attempt an unlikely carry! However, a few of these per round are lots of fun for Andy.
The approach shot is influenced by more than the bunker position. As one pro told me, "Average golfers look at the surrounding hazards, pros look at the green contours in planning approach shots." Facing major upslope of the green to one side or the other is a bigger factor to better players.
If, in the first photo, the basic slope of the green drains to the fairway approach, that helps stop the shot. If it drains towards the bunker, the golfer coming over the bunker gets some backstop help, and if capable, would club up about half a club and hit for more backspin to take the bunker out of play. The golfer coming from the left has an opening, and perhaps needs to use it, because he has less back to front slope to help his shot. He can hit with more spin to stop the shot, or with a soft spin below the hole, using the front of the green - not an option when coming from the right - leaving a better chance for an uphill putt.
The pro would also look at any contour "spikes" coming in from the side of the green that may deflect a good shot away. A spike on the left would probably send him right off the tee, one right, would send him left.
Again, the architect has the choice of "loading up" all these factors to favor the carry, load them up in favor of playing conservatively, or mix and match them to get what Jeremy Glenn once referred to as "random strategy".
I think the Leven hole is best reserved for downwind situations, as it makes the tee shot carry more tempting, and the frontal opening perhaps more necessary to stop the shot, as downwinds take spin off the ball. The inside-inside is great, IMHO, for long 4's into the wind, its a great test for the good player, or it forces him into an even longer - or perhaps his only - long iron shot of the round. Mr. short guy probably lays up in front and avoids the hazards with perhaps a half decent chance of halving the hole.
Of course, the land also dictates which is used, and in a general sense, there is no reason both couldn't and shouldn't exist, perhaps even on the same golf course.