Patrick,
If I were designing my own course, I wouldn't do it in a day! As Tom Doak mentioned a few weeks back, I also have close to 100 "concepts" for tee shots, approach shots, etc. that I think make up a good test of golf. Even so, I never found that they just routed themselves into place......
I outlined about 20 of my tee shot concepts - Cape, Bottle, RTJ pinch, no hazard, sloped fw, etc. etc. etc. in one of Paul Daley's books a few years back. I have not really written down too many green concepts, but I have a few - the Gull Wing Green (a la Riv 14) the A frame green - not unlike SH 5, Ultra Long or Wide (a la Strantz, who liked them so well he did them multiple times per course), a "T" shaped green like Harbor Town 14, a small green, a large green (Indianwood Old, 18), etc.
For me, it seems easier to think in terms of tee shot concepts/templates because you control the starting point, and only need to find the land to support the general idea, and be ready to make substitutes - like sand instead of water on a cape hole. The approach shots are so dependent on tee shot results, that they are harder to be specific with, and even more often work out that I tweak the original concept I had envisioned to make it "just right." But some things tend to make sense with certain tee shots, like any green with two distinct angles of approach (A frame or Gull Wing) with a wide or double fw.
As to greens, certainly, the short hole type green is one of those "desired concepts" on my ideal course, maybe once or even twice on my ideal course. However, I don't think that green needs to necessarily be on a par 3, although I tend to agree that par 3 holes are good places for templates, especially "concept shots" like Redan, Biaritz, Punch Bowl, etc.