Bob,
The first rule about it appeared in 1976, and read:
k. Ball to be Marked when Lifted
When a ball on the putting green is to be lifted, its position shall be marked.
(Lifting and Placing - Rule 22).
Note: The position of a lifted ball should be marked by placing a ball-marker or other small object on the putting green, immediately behind the ball. If the marker interfere with the play, stance or stroke of another player, it should be placed one or more putterhead-lengths to one side.
Lifting the ball on the green(or anywhere else on the course) was part of the first thirteen rules of golf, but only if balls were touching one another.