Scott,
Not sure I can put a definition on great but the terms "challenging", "fun", "plenty to interest", "varied" might be used in attempting to do so. I think I can say that I wouldn't necessarily use the word "championship" although clearly any number of championship courses would be included. Neither would I necessarily judge greatness by the ability to play to ones handicap, so how does "challenging" fit in with that ? Clearly with such a loose understanding of greatness how do you come up with a yardstick to judge a course by ? Well, I'll attempt to judge by using gut-feel. That should give me plenty of latitude
Let me start with the givens, those courses that whether you love or hate them or think them over rated make the great list through a consensus of opinion, even if that opinion is from those visitors who have only played these courses in Scotland. I am of course talking about the Open rota courses, namely
Muirfield
St Andrews
Carnoustie
Troon
Turnberry
To that list I would also add Prestwick although it might be debatable whether it would make the list if it wasn't for its history.
Those are the courses that visitors (which is the vast majority of this site) automatically think of when they think of Scotland. First time visitors in particular rarely stop and look at what else is in the area before rushing off to play the next Open course. That leaves a host of courses which are either overlooked or over shadowed by their more illustrious neighbour but thats not to say that they might not be considered great in their own right.
For instance next to Turnberry, Troon and Prestwick you've got Prestwick St Nicholas, Western Gailes, Glasgow Gailes, Irvine Bogside, Barassie, Dundonald, Lochgreen and the Darley. Not sure that everyone would agree that all of those courses merit greatness and not sure that I would either but I would have no hesitation in recommending them.
Likewise the list of courses round St Andrews such as New, Jubilee, Eden, Dukes, Kingsbarns, Scotscraig etc.
Those round Carnoustie would include Panmure, Monifieth and Burnside.
I'm sure you get the idea. Then there's the ones up north, Dornoch, Brora, Golspie, Struie you know about. Castle Stuart - would you include that ? You then have a whole list of links between Dornoch and Aberdeen that get by-passed, courses that historically have been too remote to make the grade for the big championships but are still up there. I'm thinking of Nairn (admittedly its had the Walker Cup), Old Moray, Fraserburgh, Peterhead, Murcar and Royal Aberdeen. And before Anthony jumps in, theres Cruden Bay.
With regards to great inland courses you could perm 5 from the following and have yourself a great weeks golf
Duff House Royal (possibly the finest green complexes in Scotland)
Downfield
Elgin
Rosemount, Blairgowrie
Boat of Garten
Cawdor
East Renfrewshire
Kings and Queens at Gleneagles
Even living in this country, I come across unexpected gems like last week played Pitlochry which has one of the best blind holes you could play and some superb short par 4's all together with some wonderful panoramic views. At less than 6,000 yards off the yellows it would probably get dismissed by most on here but hey, its my rules, and its great
Niall