Ed,
Although my recollection is fading, and we played it as our first round in Scotland after driving nonstop from Gatwick the day before (I don't recommend this), I recall Carnoustie as a lot of longish holes made more difficult by a two club cross wind, which is typical at least in my experience in Scotland. The green entrances on the longer holes and the par threes generally were pretty open, and I don't recall anything unfair about the course at all. I can't remember the fairway bunkering very well, except for the very neat Spectacles on the par 5 14th, but I don't think the bunkers were the problem. The rough, though not anything like the Open, was very difficult to play from. The greens did not have big contours, but some subtle ones that made reading the greens difficult.
Re comparable US courses I think of Spyglass after the first five ocean holes--a long tough slog through the trees.
All The Best,