It all depends on when you are going to be here next week, but the weather looks pretty good (relatively speaking) next week. However, there has been lots of rain so the ground will certainly be soggy in spots.
About an hour and a half east of Atlanta is the Lake Oconee area. Cuscowilla is open to the public Tues-Thursday, it is an excellent Coore and Crenshaw course. Also, in that area there is the Lake Oconee Ritz courses...Great Waters, Plantation, and Oconee...Nicklaus, Jones, Fazio (but maybe not in that order). They are usually overpriced, but you might get a deal this time of year. Also, in Madison, GA...which is between Lake Oconee and Atlanta is Longshadow. It is a Mike Young design...excellent lay out, but the maintenance isn't the best...but the greens fees are very inexpensive.
North of Atlanta about 1.5 hours is Achasta. An under-played Nicklaus course in the North GA mountains. I love the place.
In Atlanta proper, I haven't played too many public courses and therefore can't recommend any with the exception of the East Lake Charlie Yates executive golf course. Pretty solid for an executive course.
That is my 2 cents.
If you can make it to the coast (another 5 hours, ugh), Sea Island is pretty sweat!!! Seaside is my favorite. And if you stay at The LOdge, you will get you own butler. Not too shabby!!!