If water means ocean, my post is irrelevant. If it includes more basic hazards, read on (with the distinct possibility that my post will remain such).
As best I can tell, a bunker next to water saves a half shot most of the time. It may save a full shot, in fact.
I can think of a great number of examples of places you wouldn't want one, though. A bunker short of 12 at Augusta would ruin the hole by making it simple; the absence of the "save" (and, as importantly, its position in the routing) is what makes the hole what it is.
Aesthetically, a bunker next to water obviously does a great deal to frame a hole and, in the case of many of the examples you posted, provides a scale reference to the player.
WW