In Long Island where I grew up, Jewish clubs were formed because Jews could not get into the exlusive Wasp clubs. So, in much of the NY-area, there are still many predominatly Jewish, or for that matter, Wasp, Catholic, etc. clubs. In Chicago where I live now, they do have a handful of Jewish clubs, but Chicago seems less segregated. In fact, I don't know of any club that doesn't have a single Jewish member. Recently, I played a famous golf course in the NY-area and I know for a fact that they don't have one Jewish member.
Jewish clubs tend to have better clubhouses, food, amenities, etc., but usually mediocre golf courses. I have no commentary on why that is such, but it seems common. Perhaps, it's a function of the oldest, most exclusive clubs getting the best land.